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- Archive-name: aux-faq/part1
- Last-modified: Mon Mar 6 09:44:03 EST 1995
-
- This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.x.x
-
-
- \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 1 OF 4 //////////////////////
-
- FAQ for A/UX
- ============
-
- This FAQ list is intended to cut down on the number of "often asked questions"
- that make the rounds here on comp.unix.aux. Also included you'll find a few
- words of wisdom as well as some general information for the A/UX community.
- This list assumes that you are familiar with Unix (to some extent) but are
- curious about A/UX's eccentricities. The list will concentrate on A/UX 3.x.x
- but may also have info about previous versions. If you don't understand
- something in the FAQ List, and a "Point of Contact" isn't specified, then
- contact me and I'll attempt to help or else point you to someone who can.
- In any case, let me know how I can make the list more clear.
-
- You'll notice jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov mentioned alot here. You can access files
- on jagubox either using 'ftp' (jagubox runs the WUARCHIVE-FTPD server),
- 'gopher' or a WWW-client (jagubox's URL is "http://jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov").
- <<ED: Note that the gopher-server will be down for awhile >>
-
- This FAQ is written in a format that EasyView (for the Mac) can understand and
- make use of. EasyView provides a very nice front-end for viewing, browsing and
- reading the FAQ. EasyView is available on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.
-
- The list will be posted every other Tuesday on comp.unix.aux as well as on
- news.answers and comp.answers. It is also available on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.
-
- There is a frozen FAQ that deals with A/UX 2.0.1 which is available on jagubox
- (FAQ.aux.201). This FAQ will be posted monthly (or so) on comp.unix.aux.
-
- This FAQ will focus on A/UX 3.1.1, but will also refer to 3.1, 3.0.2 and
- 3.0.1. Bugs and things "broken" in 3.0.1 but fixed in 3.0.2 (and later)
- or "broken" in 3.1 but fixed in 3.1.1 won't necessarily be mentioned, since
- the 3.0.1->3.0.2 and 3.1->3.1.1 fixes (the AWS "Tune-Up" disks, v1.0 and v2.0)
- are free and readily available.
-
- This FAQ is "copyrighted" in the same sense that all other FAQs are copy-
- righted: the FAQ may be _freely_ redistributed as long as the author's/editor's
- name and this notice is included. If contents of this FAQ are to be published,
- then you should ask the author's/editor's permission to do so.
-
- Send your additions|modifications to Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- (editor's notes are included as <<ED: ...>>). I will tend to refer to myself
- in the 3rd person in the Q&A section.
-
- =============================
- **** Significant Changes ****
- -----------------------------
-
- |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- |Significant changes/additions since last posting:
- | Changes signified by "|" in 1st column;
- | Additions by "+" in the 1st column;
- | Deletions by "-" in the 1st column (the line will be
- | deleted in the next posting)
- |
- |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-
-
- ============================
- **** TABLE OF CONTENTS: ****
- ----------------------------
-
- o List of Contributors to A/UX FAQ List
- o List of anon-ftp archives for A/UX
- o List of security-related issues
- o List of known bugs and patches under A/UX 3.x.x
- o List of ported software
- o Partial list of compatible shareware|freeware
- o Hints and Words Of Wisdom
- o Q&A-
- GENERAL QUESTIONS:
- G.01) What's A/UX? Is it any good?
- G.02) What's the minimum system I need (CPU, disk and RAM) to run A/UX?
- G.03) What's new about A/UX 3.x.x?
- G.04) What's the diff between 3.0.2 and 3.0.2(wgs)?
- G.05) How can I order A/UX?
- G.06) What's the upgrade path for A/UX 3.0.2?
- G.07) What are Right-To-Copy and Right-To-Upgrade licenses?
- G.08) How can I report bugs that I find?
- G.09) What's the word on A/UX 3.1 and 3.1.1?
- G.10) What's the future of A/UX with the PowerMacs?
- G.11) I can't use A/UX. What UNIX alternatives are there?
-
- ADMINISTRATION ISSUES:
- A.01) How come my Login screen is gray, not color?
- A.02) How come my Login ScreenSaver doesn't see both my monitors?
- A.03) Even though I have lot's of swap space and only a little bit is
- being used, I STILL get a lot of messages saying that my swap
- space is running low. What's the buzz?
- A.04) How can I copy a complete file system from one disk|partition to
- another?
- A.05) What's with UUCP?
- A.06) How can I log anonymous ftp entries? in.ftpd has a -l option,
- but it doesn't work.
- A.07) How come when I do a 'df' as a regular user, it shows me a different
- number of free blocks compared to when I run it as 'root'?
- A.08) Does A/UX LocalTalk support IP?
- A.09) How do I get MPW 3.1 to work? It hangs my system...
- A.10) Can I refer to a file on my Mac system from within A/UX?
- A.11) How can I adjust the amount of virtual memory Finder uses?
- A.12) Is there an archive of comp.unix.aux out there somewhere?
- A.13) How come I can't use color under X?
- A.14) Using the command shell interface, I'm trying to access some Mac
- files (that have strange names) but I can't; the program returns an
- error message I can't access the file. What's going on?
- A.15) I heard the the Installer for 3.x.x works on "any" 3rd party
- hard disk. Well, it doesn't on mine!
- A.16) Since RetroSpect will no longer be bundled with A/UX 3.0.2,
- how can I get it?
- A.17) How can I configure CAP under A/UX?
- A.18) What are some good books about A/UX?
- A.19) When booting up, I get a "panic ialloc, dup alloc" (or other)
- error message and A/UX won't boot. What can I do?
- A.20) Is traceroute available for A/UX?
- A.21) What is KEEPALIVE and how can I use it?
- A.22) What does this 'panic' message mean...?
- A.23) How often does A/UX sync the file system?
- A.24) What is 'catsearchd'?
- A.25) Is there any way to make AppleDouble file formats the default,
- rather than AppleSingle?
-
- MAC-EMULATION QUESTIONS:
- M.01) What Mac applications are compatible with A/UX?
- M.02) What screen-savers are compatible with A/UX?
- M.03) My MacOS partition mounts fine under MacOS but it doesn't show
- up under A/UX... Why?
- M.04) I have MacsBug installed. How can I trigger it?
- M.05) Sometimes my MultiFinder environment (and/or CommandShell) freezes
- up; how can I unfreeze it? Should I hit the Interrupt switch?
- M.06) My site is not upgraded to EtherTalk Phase 2 yet... can I use
- Phase 1 under A/UX?
- M.07) I'm having trouble transfering files between A/UX and my MacOS disk.
- Also, sometimes things get transfered fine, othertimes not. What's
- going on?
- M.08) Do I install CDEVs and Extensions in the System Folder on
- MacPartition or on the "/" A/UX disk.
- M.09) I heard that A/UX requires a special version of System 7 to boot...
- Is this true?
- M.10) After the Mac environment crashes (or when I use MacsBug), the
- Desktop gets all screwed up... Argg!!
- M.11) My MacOS partition(s) only show up on the Desktop when I login
- as root. Why?
- M.12) For some reason, my CommandShell only responds to a keyboard
- event after it receives a second event. For example, typing "a"
- won't show until I type something else or click the mouse.
- What gives?
- M.13) Can A/UX 3.x.x run System 7.1?
- M.14) What version of AppleTalk does A/UX run?
- M.15) I've just installed MacTCP 2.0.2|4|6 on A/UX and nothing works!
- What's going on?
- M.16) Does the LaserWriter Bridge s/w work under A/UX?
-
- DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS:
- D.01) Can I use my Teac|DAT|etc tape drive under A/UX?
- D.02) I have an EtherNet card that works fine under the Macintosh OS
- but not under A/UX. Why?
- D.03) Can I use my scanner under A/UX?
- D.04) I'm trying to use a SyQuest drive under A/UX but it refuses to
- work. I keep on getting a "more data than device expected" error
- message. What's wrong?
- D.05) What 3-button mice work under A/UX (and X)?
- D.06) Is it worth getting a cache card for the IIci?
- D.07) How can I figure out the /etc/disktab entry for my hard disk?
- D.08) Which serial cards work under A/UX?
- D.09) I'm using a LaserWriter IIg with A/UX 3.x.x and whenever I print
- something to it through 'lpr', the first line of the page is cut
- off. Why?
- D.10) I'm trying to access my tape drive using 'tc' (with something like
- "find . -print | cpio -o > /dev/rmt/tc1") but it doesn't work...
- D.11) What CD-ROM drives are compatible with A/UX 3.x.x?
- D.12) I've tried to install the CD Remote extension to A/UX so that
- I can play audio CD's, but it doesn't work...
- D.13) What UNIX CD-ROM formats does A/UX support?
- D.14) How can I add printers other than those available in Chooser?
- D.15) What 3rd party accelerators are compatible with A/UX?
- D.16) Will the old serial HP DeskWriter work under A/UX?
- D.17) How can I use a HP DeskWriter under A/UX?
- D.18) Does A/UX support 24-bit color?
- D.19) What's the specifics on the AWS95 PDS Card?
- D.20) What are the specifics of SCSI under A/UX?
- D.21) I can't get my LaserJet 4M to work reliably. Help!
- D.22) Does the Apple Adjustable Keyboard work under A/UX?
-
- PORTING AND PROGRAMMING
- P.01) How come rn|elm|less|etc... act weird concerning signals?
- P.02) Is X11R5 available for A/UX?
- P.03) I've noticed that FSF GNU doesn't support A/UX. Does that mean
- I'll miss out on all the neat Gnu-stuff like gcc?
- P.04) I've ported Elm (or other mail reader) and it doesn't seem to
- work... Why?
- P.05) What languages are available for A/UX?
- P.06) Is OSF/Motif available for A/UX?
- P.07) While trying to port some software, the Makefile looks
- for a program called 'ranlib' and dies when it can't
- find it. What is it and where can I get it.
- P.08) When compiling, I get the message that 'setlocale' is
- an "undefined symbol"... what's going on?
-
- COMMUNICATION:
- C.01) I'm unable to start a getty process on a built-in serial port. When
- I use 'setport' to enable the port, I get a "no such device" error.
- Configuring /etc/inittab to respawn getty on the port has no effect.
- C.02) I am using and depending on /etc/hosts to do all my hostname
- resolving (i.e. not using named or /etc/resolv.conf). How come I
- can't mail to other hosts, but I can ping|ftp|etc... them?
- C.03) When I try to mail something, I get the following error message:
- "Cannot read frozen config file: not a typewriter". What's wrong?
- C.04) How do I set up my Mac and A/UX to enable remote logins via a modem
- on tty0?
- C.05) How come I can't use 'talk' with some of the other Unix boxes out
- there, and they can't talk to me?
- C.06) How can I convince A/UX to forward IP packets?
- C.07) Is PPP available for A/UX?
- C.08) How can I change the MTU value for CSlip?
-
- ERRORS EXPLAINED:
- E.01) How do I keep command lines that I edit with "backspace" from
- erasing the prompt?
- E.02) Whenever I try to run xinit (or startx) from the CommandShell I get
- a fatal server error. Why?
- E.03) I keep on getting the following error message on the Console:
- "fcntl: local lock manager not registered". What's going on?
- E.04) When I try to startup 'xterm', I get the following error
- message: "xterm: no available ptys"... What gives?
- E.05) 'ps' and 'pstat' only seem to work for root. If anyone else tries
- these commands, they get a "no mem" error message. What's wrong?
-
-
- ===============================================
- **** List of Contributors to A/UX FAQ List ****
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- The editor would like to thank all the various people who have contributed
- to the A/UX FAQ List (both those that submitted questions as well as those
- who submitted answers). Also included under the Q&A section are the relevant
- people to contact if you have specific questions about specific A/UX items.
- If I've left you out, PLEASE E-mail me!
-
- Brian Bechtel (blob@apple.com)
- Greg Berryman (gpb@gpb-mac.sps.mot.com)
- Nick Beser (beser@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu)
- Peter Brewer (brewer@hamlet.umd.edu)
- Manuel Bouyssou (manuel@apple.com)
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- Bob Denny (denny@alisa.com)
- Eric Dittman (dittman@skitzo.dseg.ti.com)
- John Dundas III (dundas@salt.jpl.nasa.gov)
- Thomas Eberhardt
- Rick Ewing (ewing@vhp.vanderbilt.edu)
- Ron Flax (ron@afsg.apple.com)
- Marcelo Gallardo (marcelo@deadzone.princeton.edu)
- Ben Goren (ben@tux.fa.asu.edu)
- James Gritton (gritton@byu.edu)
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- Chris Johnson (cjohnson@brl.mil)
- Bill Johnston (johnston@me.udel.edu)
- Ron Johnston (johnston@apple.com)
- Bob Kirby (kirby@esl.com)
- Nicolas Lenz (nlenz@sdcc13.UCSD.EDU)
- Darrell Pfeifer (pfeifer@camins.camosun.bc.ca)
- Phillip Porch (root@theporch.com)
- Wes Price (ww2@bullwinkle.ssc.gov)
- Alexis Rosen (alexis@panix.com)
- Eric Rosen (eric@cse.ucsc.edu)
- Craig Ruff (cruff@ncar.ucar.edu)
- Jim Ryan (jryan@adobe.com)
- Paul Sander (paul@sander.uucp)
- Kent Sandvik (ksand@apple.com)
- Jon Stevens (root@dolphin.csudh.edu)
- Craig Struble (cstruble@gnu.ai.mit.edu)
- Richard Todd (rmtodd@servalan.servalan.com)
- Chuq Von Rospach (chuq@apple.com)
- Jon W{tte (d88-jwa@nada.kth.se)
- Earl Wallace (earlw@macaux.aux.apple.com)
- Herb Weiner (herbw@wiskit.com)
- Bill Woodcock (woody@zocalo.com)
-
-
- =================================================
- **** List of anonymous ftp archives for A/UX ****
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- The following sites have A/UX related archives and materials available via
- anonymous ftp (see below for more information):
-
- abs.apple.com (130.43.1.101)
- Meant to be the central server for _all_ Apple Business Systems
- products, including A/UX, AWS, MAE, etc...
-
- afsg.apple.com (130.43.50.2)
- ports and hacks for A/UX
-
- aux.support.apple.com (130.43.6.2)
- the "official" A/UX-support server
- archive of comp.unix.aux
- A/UX patches and some ports;
-
- dolphin.csudh.edu (155.135.16.1)
- neat A/UX stuff
-
- dunkin.Princeton.EDU (128.112.64.39)
- mirror of jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov
-
- ftp.fenk.wau.nl (137.224.129.4)
- mirror of jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov
-
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (128.183.44.1)
- FAQ List;
- bunch of ports, utilities, new mini-inews (1.6);
- Apple fixes (in ~ftp/pub/aux/Apple.fixes)
- *** jagubox also runs a gopherd-server as well ***
- *** and a WWW-httpd server "http://jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov" ***
-
- nada.kth.se (130.237.222.71)
- mirror of A/UX items from:
- afsg.apple.com
- aux.support.apple.com
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov
- wuarchive.wustl.edu
-
- rascal.ics.utexas.edu (128.83.138.20)
- misc. ports;
- Mac applications, CDEVs, etc...;
-
- redstar.dcs.qmw.ac.uk (192.135.231.4)
- IIci benchmarking results;
-
- wc208.residence.gatech.edu (199.77.224.208)
- copies of various A/UX ports
-
- wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4)
- ports, GNU stuff; (look in systems/aux)
-
-
- =======================================
- *** List of security-related issues ***
- ---------------------------------------
-
- No system is 100% secure. To this end, it makes sense to make each one as
- secure as possible, including A/UX.
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Permissive Permissions
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- o The default distribution of A/UX has some files with somewhat permissive
- permissions. These should be changed to avoid problems. These files and
- the recommended modes, owners and groups are as follows:
-
- -rwsr-xr-x 1 root sys /bin/ps
- -rwxr-sr-x 1 bin sys /bin/pstat
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin /etc/ncheck
- -rwxr-sr-x 1 bin sys /usr/bin/lav
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin /usr/bin/X11/xterm
- -rwxr-sr-x 1 bin sys /usr/etc/ncstats
- -rwxr-sr-x 1 bin sys /usr/etc/nfsstat
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin /usr/etc/rpcinfo
- -rwxr-x--- 1 adm adm /usr/lib/acct/diskusg
- drwxr-xr-x 21 root sys /etc
-
- (The removal of SUID-to-root from 'diskusg' means that the cron 'adm'
- accounting package [all the /usr/lib/acct/* stuff] will need to be run by
- 'root' instead)
-
- To make changing the user, group and permissions of these files a little
- easier, Jim Jagielski has hacked together an ugly little 'ksh' script
- that does it for you. The info required is self contained in the script
- itself and it's easy to add more entries as required. Look for the script
- on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov under "/pub/aux/Security/better.perms".
-
- o Also, to close things a little tighter, remove all permissions for
- "others" ('chmod o-rwx') for all files in:
-
- /usr/lib/acct
- /usr/lib/cron
-
- o Only trusted users should be allowed to use 'lpr'. Remove execute
- priviledges for OTHERS and then change '/etc/groups' to make _only_
- trusted users as members of group 'daemon'. If you want, you can dump
- 'lpr/lpd' and use 'lp/lpsched'.
-
- o You may want to consider if you really want the 'lp'|'lpr' admini-
- stration programs (such as 'lpadmin', 'lpmove' etc...) executable by
- all. If not, then remove that mode from them ('chmod o-rwx').
-
- o Under 3.x.x, make sure that all files in /dev/scsi are mode 600 with
- owner 'root' and group 'sys'... Get the new 'devscsi' file (available on
- jagubox) to replace what's in /etc/install.d/init.d.
-
- o A/UX also has the 'expreserve' problem. This program (actually called
- 'ex3.9preserve' under A/UX) is used by 'vi'|'ex' to "save" canceled
- or killed edit sessions. 'expreserve' saves a copy of the buffer in
- the "/usr/preserve" directory. The program is SUID to root since the
- directory is owned by root, but any other user would do just fine. There's
- also no real need for it to be SUID either. To preserve the use of
- 'expreserve' you'll need to create a new user whose sole existance is to
- own "/usr/preserve" and 'ex3.9preserve'.
-
- : Create a new user on the system. Make it totally unused. eg:
-
- /etc/passwd:
- preserve:* void *:33:33:secure preserve:/usr/preserve:/bin/noshell
-
- /etc/group
- preserve:* void *:33:preserve
-
- : Now change the owner and group of /usr/lib/ex3.9preserve and
- /usr/preserve to the above user. Change the mode of 'ex3.9preserve' to
- 2111 and 'preserve' to 775:
-
- ---x--s--x 1 preserve preserve /usr/lib/ex3.9preserve
- drwxrwxr-x 2 preserve preserve 512 Mar 4 15:46 /usr/preserve
-
- ...and you're done. Now vi/expreserve can write in /usr/preserve but no
- root security hole exists! If this is too much work, then you can just
- remove the SUID bit for 'expreserve'; this will close the hole, but killed
- editting sessions won't be saved (except for root).
-
- (***NOTE*** Replacing 'sh' with the "fixed" version described below
- fixes this hole. Still, having 'expreserve' SUID to root goes against
- the ideal of running programs with the least priviledges possible.)
-
- o The '/lib/librmt.a' library has write permissions for all users. You
- should remove it:
-
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root bin 14734 Mar 23 1993 /lib/librmt.a
-
- o Why not create a group called 'wheel' and make /bin/su mode 4750 with
- owner 'root' and group 'wheel'. Then, only make trusted users with
- the need to use 'su' as members of 'wheel'.
-
- o Make sure that 'bin' has a void password and '/bin/false' as it's
- login shell.
-
- o The shadow-passwd suite has been ported to A/UX. Basically, this package
- moves the encrypted passwds from world-readble /etc/passwd to root-only-
- readable /ec/shadow, thus greatly increasing security. Some daemons, such
- as popper and wu-ftpd will need to be recompiled. Use it!
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Other "Gotcha's" and Info
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- o A number of holes are due to some "wrong" things that '/bin/sh' does
- concerning IFS. To fix this, Apple has released a "corrected" version
- of 'sh' that resets IFS to it's default value before executing a script.
- This fixes some holes that exist in SUID programs that call 'system()'
- or 'popen()' to execute some commands. This replacement version of
- 'sh' is available both on aux.support.apple.com and jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- To install it, follow these directions (assuming you are located in the
- directory where the new 'sh' is located):
-
- $ cp /bin/sh /bin/Osh
- $ cp sh /bin/sh
-
- For this to work, /bin/sh shouldn't be busy, so this should be done either
- in Single-User mode (as long as root's shell isn't 'sh') or while in
- A/UX Startup.
-
- o If you are connected to the Internet, it's a Good Idea to either use
- either tcp_wrappers (on ftp.win.tue.nl) or inetd 1.8 (on jagubox), both
- of which provide host access control (i.e. you can select which hosts can
- exec which network daemons. While you are at it, the replacement version
- of 'portmap' (also on ftp.win.tue.nl) is very easy to compile and is
- recommended as well.
-
- o By all means, remove the Guest account. Check to make sure that there
- are _no_ users with null-passwords in /etc/passwd.
-
- o The default distribution of A/UX has 'in.fingerd' SUID to root. Even
- though it doesn't have the famous Internet Worm problem, there's no
- need for that. Much better to have it run as 'nobody'. You can do
- this by either changing the owner of 'in.fingerd' to 'nobody' and
- keeping it's SUID bit or you can remove the SUID capability and
- tell 'inetd' to run it as 'nobody'. To do the later, you'll need to
- use the new, unofficial replacement of 'inetd' for A/UX (see below:
- "Performance Patches", "Ported s/w" and Q&A A.06). Jim Jagielski has
- also ported a version of 'in.fingerd' that logs fingers. It's available
- via anon-ftp on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. Of course, the most secure option
- is simply to disable 'in.fingerd' totally in '/etc/servers'.
-
- o Root should never use the common System Folder... Due to it's very
- nature it's writable by everyone. Give root a personal System Folder
- and sleep easier :)
-
- o A/UX doesn't support the 'sticky-bit' feature for directories. So
- why not create a directory in your $HOME called '.tmp' with mode 700.
- Now in /etc/profile add:
-
- if [ -d "$HOME/.tmp" ]; then
- EXINIT="set directory=$HOME/.tmp"
- export EXINIT
- TMPDIR="$HOME/.tmp"
- export TMPDIR
- fi
-
- and in /etc/cshrc add:
-
- if ( -d "$HOME/.tmp" ) then
- setenv EXINIT "set directory=$HOME/.tmp"
- setenv TMPDIR "$HOME/.tmp"
- endif
-
- Now most UNIX programs (like 'vi', 'elm', 'cc', 'gcc', etc...) will use
- $HOME/tmp as a safer location for temp-files.
-
-
- =========================================================
- **** List of known bugs and patches under A/UX 3.x.x ****
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- AWS Tune-Up 2.0
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- By far, this is the most important patch you could apply to A/UX 3.1.
- It updates it to 3.1.1 and fixes lots of bugs as well as provides better
- performance. The patch is in the form of 1 DiskCopy Image file which
- can be found on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov and on aux.support.apple.com. You
- download the files and then use DiskCopy to make the Installer disks.
- This is a _free_ upgrade to 3.1 and requires 3.1.
-
- On jagubox, look in ~ftp/pub/aux/Apple.fixes/supported
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- AWS Tune-Up 1.0
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- By far, this is the most important patch you could apply to A/UX 3.0.1.
- It updates it to 3.0.2 and fixes lots of bugs as well as provides better
- performance. The patch is in the form of 2 DiskCopy Image files which
- can be found on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov and on aux.support.apple.com. You
- download the files and then use DiskCopy to make the Installer disks.
- This is a _free_ upgrade to 3.0.1 and requires 3.0.1.
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Performance related patches: 3.x.x
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- inetd:
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov in pub/aux/Daemons ***
- *** This replacement is based on the BSD-reno inetd ***
- *** and allows such nice features as rereading /etc/servers ***
- *** on receiving SIGHUP, specifying options for ***
- *** called daemons, logging when daemons ***
- *** are spawned and which host requested the daemon ***
- *** and providing host access control ***
- {{{{{ }}}}}
- {{{{{ Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) }}}}}
- {{{{{ John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) }}}}}
-
- tc (tape driver device driver):
- Reports incorrect file number when 'mt' is used to skip
- files (fsf and/or bsf).
- Doesn't allow for additional storage capability of extended
- length tapes or hardware compression tape drives.
- Doesn't work with Exabyte 8200s
- *** ***
- *** An unofficial replacement version of 'tc' has ***
- *** has been written that fixes these bugs as well as ***
- *** providing additional capability and support ***
- *** for other drives ***
- *** ***
- *** 3.x.x replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov in pub/aux/Sys_stuff ***
- {{{{{ }}}}}
- {{{{{ Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) }}}}}
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Bugs and Fixes|Workarounds: 3.x.x
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- ~lp/model/at_interface:
- Incorrectly prints multiple copies of input. For example,
- "lp file.1 file.2" would print 2 copies of file.1 and just
- one of file.2.
- *** Due to '>>' being used instead of '>' in certain ***
- *** places in at_interface. ***
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov in pub/aux/Sys_stuff ***
- *** (entries in ~lp/interface based on at_interface ***
- *** should also be changed/patched) ***
- {{{{{ }}}}}
- {{{{{ Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) }}}}}
-
- atprint:
- Doesn't correctly connect to the LaserWriter Pro 810.
- *** Official replacement is available ***
- *** on ftp.support.apple.com in /pub/aws95/atprint ***
-
- syslogd:
- Doesn't handle some facility (like 'news') logging correctly.
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov in pub/aux/Daemons ***
- *** (contains new /etc/syslogd as well as syslog.h) ***
- {{{{{ }}}}}
- {{{{{ Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) }}}}}
-
- in.telnetd:
- Leaves ports open and hanging occasionally. Can cause kernel crashes.
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov ***
- *** in pub/aux/Sys_stuff ***
- {{{{{ }}}}}
- {{{{{ Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) }}}}}
- {{{{{ John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) }}}}}
- #### Please note that it appears that this new version has ####
- #### some slight bugs in correctly handling Synchs and ####
- #### options negotiation. I have only seen this using ####
- #### VersaTerm Pro 3.6.2 and connecting to myself via telnet ####
-
- /etc/startup.d/ao,as,ae6:
- Ignores the Broadcast Address value in /etc/NETADDRS.
- *** If your broadcast address needs to be different ***
- *** then the default, you'll need to modify these scripts ***
- *** to add 'broadcast "$broadcast"' to the 'ifconfig' ***
- *** lines that _don't_ refer to Loopback. Pretty easy ***
- *** but Email me if you have questions ***
-
- /usr/include/dir.h:
- If entered through dirent.h and _SYSV_SOURCE is defined,
- rewinddir() is incorrectly "defined". It assumes that you are
- linking -lposix and will use the "real" rewinddir() function
- found there, when, in fact, you should #define rewinddir
- as done with _BSD_SOURCE.
- *** A hacked version of dir.h is available on ***
- *** jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. It only assumes -lposix will ***
- *** be included (and the real rewinddir() called) if ***
- *** _only_ _POSIX_SOURCE is defined ***
-
- /usr/include/sys/file.h:
- Even though fcntl.h is smart enough to know if sys/file.h has
- been included, and won't redefine things defined in there, the
- reverse isn't true. So if you include sys/file.h 1st and fcntl.h
- next, no warnings will be given, but if you do the reverse, some
- "redefine" warnings will be printed.
- *** A hacked version of file.h is available on ***
- *** jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. It checks for __fcntl_h first ***
- *** (if you are using 'gcc', you'll also need to snag it's ***
- *** fixed header-file from jagubox: GNUfile.h) ***
-
- /usr/include/sys/param.h:
- MAXHOSTNAMLEN is defined as a ridiculously low value (32). It should
- instead be set to what's "normal": 256.
- *** Fix is very simple... edit /usr/include/sys/param.h ***
- *** and change the value from 32 to 256 ***
- *** (if you are using 'gcc', you'll also need to edit it's ***
- *** include file [gcc/aux/?.?.?/include/sys/param.h] ***
-
- /usr/include/sys/types.h:
- Incorrectly defines size_t as signed int when every other header
- file defines it as unsigned int.
- *** Fix is very simple... edit /usr/include/sys/types.h ***
- *** and change it from signed to unsigned ***
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Bugs and Fixes|Workarounds: 3.1
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- chsh:
- Resets the uid of nobody to 60001 (the MAXUID under 3.1 is 65534,
- but 'chsh' thinks it's 60001).
- *** Use 'vipw' to change this value back if needed ***
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Bugs and Fixes|Workarounds: 3.0.2
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- elap:
- A/UX-mac occasionally disappears under Chooser
- *** Official 3.0.2 patch is now available ***
- *** on aux.support.apple.com in aws95/elap ***
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Performance related patches: 3.0
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- MacOS System Heap Expansion:
- Not as robust as the _real_ System 7.0.1 capability, thus pre-
- venting you from loading lots of memory hungry Extensions and
- CDEVs.
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov ***
- *** in pub/aux/Apple.fixes/unsupported/3.0 ***
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Bugs and Fixes|Workarounds: 3.0
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- as, ao, etheraddr:
- H/W ethernet address is burned in bitwise reverse on Q9?0
- and Ethernet NB card. Thus, ao, as and etheraddr reports the
- incorrect address.
- *** 3.0 patch is now available ***
- *** on aux.support.apple.com in supported/3.0 ***
-
- BNU/HDB UUCP (the whole thing):
- Severe problems as distributed, such as inability to dialout
- with correctly configured modem, etc...
- *** 3.0 patch is now available ***
- *** on aux.support.apple.com in supported/3.0 ***
- *** This "patch" is a newer version of HDB (to 1.16) ***
- *** and adds some Mega-enhancements as well. ***
- *** Thanks to Earl Wallace!!! ***
- #### If you snagged version 1.14 from aux.support.apple.com ####
- #### then be _sure_ to update to version 1.16. ####
- #### ####
- #### Installing BNU 1.6 causes syslogd to break under ####
- #### new compiles. This is due to the fact that dial.o ####
- #### is replaced in libc.a|libc_s.a when BNU is installed ####
- #### To fix, just get the replacement dial.o ####
- #### on ftp.apple.com in pub/earlw/dial ####
-
- csh:
- Doesn't seem to like filename completion.
-
- pstat:
- Depending on the options used, can gobble memory and not release
- it.
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov ***
- *** in pub/aux/Apple.fixes/unsupported/3.0 ***
-
- rpc.rstatd:
- Doesn't report correct load averages
- *** Unofficial replacement is available ***
- *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov ***
- *** in pub/aux/Apple.fixes/unsupported/3.0 ***
-
- serial drivers:
- After some use on all Macs (except IIfx and maybe the Quadras)
- the kernel will crash.
- *** This has been confirmed by Apple but no fix exists yet!! ***
-
- syslogd:
- If BNU 1.6 is installed, syslogd won't work on newly compiled
- programs due to some munging of libc.a|libc_s.a when BNU 1.6
- is installed. See BNU/HDB UUCP above.
-
-
- =========================================================
- **** List of ported software available via anon-ftp: ****
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Already ported and available:
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- (Included is the person responsible for the port and the location of the port)
-
- 3270 (v3.6):
- Eric C Hagberg (hagberg@mail.med.cornell.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- Austin KCL (619):
- Thomas Weigert (weigert@mcs.anl.gov)
- wuarchive.wustl.edu [???]
-
- bash (1.12):
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu]
-
- Berkeley make:
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- Berkeley mandoc:
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- cut & paste (BSD versions):
- Ken Whang (ken@touch.wustl.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Sys_stuff]
-
- EBBS/BBS 2.2 (UNIX based BBS):
- Jon Stevens (root@dolphin.csudh.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- emacs 19.21:
- Brent Burton (brentb@tamsun.tamu.edu)
- isc.tamu.edu [pub/personal/brentb]
- (The diffs that Brent used, done by Paul Traina, are available
- on jagubox in the emacs diffs "collection" tarchive)
-
- fortune:
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- freeWAIS (0.3):
- Jon Stevens (root@dolphin.csudh.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Web_stuff]
-
- fvwm (1.21z):
- Renzo Marcanzin (aire@maya.dei.unipd.it)
- maya.dei.unipd.it [pub?]
-
- gated (2.1.3)
- Herb Weiner (herbw@wiskit.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Patches]
-
- gcc (2.6.3):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
- (See Q&A #P.03)
-
- gdb (4.12):
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu]
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- GNUplot (3.5):
- Eric Rosen (eric@cse.ucsc.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- GNUtar (1.11.2):
- Dennis Govoni (dennis.govoni@East.Sun.COM)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- GNUzip (1.2.4):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- httpd (1.3):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Web_stuff]
-
- inetd (BSD/Reno)
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
-
- last (BSD version):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- Ken Whang (ken@touch.wustl.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Sys_stuff]
-
- lemacs (19.6):
- Thomas Eberhardt
- labrea.Stanford.EDU [pub/gnu/lucid]
- <<ED: I don't think it's there anymore... anybody know
- where a copy might be?>>
-
- libg++ (2.5.3):
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu]
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- logging in.ftpd:
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
- (See Q&A #A.06)
-
- md5:
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Security]
-
- Mosaic (diffs for 2.2):
- Eric Rosen (eric@cse.ucsc.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Web_stuff]
-
- Mosaic (2.4 binary):
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Web_stuff]
-
- msgs:
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- mt2 (replacement for 'mt' tape positioner program... not really
- needed since NEWtc is available that fixes the need for mt2):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Sys_stuff]
-
- mtools (MS DOS floppy access tools):
- Parag Patel (parag@netcom.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- patch:
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- perl (4.036):
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- pine 3.90:
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- popper:
- Ben Goren (ben@tux.fa.asu.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- popper-shadow:
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- sendmail 5.65:
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
- (See Q&A #C.02)
-
- sendmail.cf:
- Alexis Rosen (alexis@panix.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/UUCP-sendmail-cf]
- (See Q&A #A.06)
-
- shadow-passwd:
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Sys_stuff]
-
- showaudio:
- Eric Rosen (eric@cse.ucsc.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- smail 3.1.28:
- Bob Denny (denny@alisa.com)
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
-
- talk and talkd (BSD 4.3 versions)
- Steve Green (xrsbg@dirac.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
- (See Q&A #C.05)
-
- tcsh (6.03):
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- texinfo (3.1):
- Phillip P. Porch (root@theporch.com)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/GNU_stuff]
-
- vtwm (5.1):
- Dennis Govoni (dennis.govoni@East.Sun.COM)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- WUARCHIVE ftpd (2.4):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
- (See Q&A #A.06)
-
- X11R5:
- John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com)
- Thomas Eberhardt
- wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/X11R5]
- ftp.uni-stuttgart.de [soft/mac/aux/x11r5/forAUX3.0]
- (See Q&A #P.02)
-
- xmeter:
- Eric Rosen (eric@cse.ucsc.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilties]
-
- xntpd (3.3zd):
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov)
- John Dundas III (dundas@salt.jpl.nasa.gov)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Daemons]
-
- zmodem:
- Jon Stevens (root@dolphin.csudh.edu)
- jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/aux/Utilities]
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~
- Easy to do:
- ~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The following have also been successfully ported to A/UX with minimal trouble.
- Since the ports are pretty straightforward, only a few are actually available
- in their ported form (please see Q&A #P.01). Please note that most of these
- require or assume using 'gcc.'
-
- << ED: As a general rule of thumb, most of the ports that I've done use
- gcc and GNUmake... provided patches may assume or require these >>
-
- o Cnews (Ver. ??)
- o Deliver (v2.1 pl. 9 or later)
- # Elm 2.4.23
- (use -lbsd and edit config.sh and "undef" d_locale or else
- follow the advice of P.08, below)
- o Ghostscript 2.3
- # GNU Stuff (all are pretty much straight-forward and compile
- "right out of the box"):
- binutils 1.9
- # bison 1.22
- # diffutils 2.3
- emacs 19.[19-22]
- (diffs on jagubox in the emacs diffs "collection" tarchive)
- # fileutils 3.6
- # find 3.8
- (to allow 'find' to recognize user=nobody, compile with 'cc')
- flex 2.3.7
- gawk 2.1.5
- (use '-traditional' with gcc)
- # gdbm 1.7.1
- # grep 2.0
- # gzip 1.2.4
- # indent 1.9.1
- # make 3.71
- # pgp 2.6/2.6.1 (from bitsy.mit.edu)
- # ripem 1.2 (from ripem.msu.edu)
- # sed 1.1.6
- # sed 2.0.3
- shellutils 1.8
- Smalltalk 1.1.1
- # tar 1.11.2
- (requires '-lbsd -lposix')
- # textutils 1.6
- # gopher/gopherd 2.016 [from boombox.micro.umn.edu]
- (diffs available on jagubox)
- o Gwm 1.7h
- # httpd 1.3 [from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu]
- (binary and diffs available on jagubox)
- o INN 1.4 (get 'INN.config.data' files from jagubox)
- Please note that INN is an _extreme_ memory hog, esp.
- when compiled using gcc. If you use it, be _sure_
- that you have enough memory and swap space. It helps
- a LOT if you don't run the Finder interface as well.
- # less 177
- # listproc 6.0c (was: listserv)
- (compile w/ -DDONT_GO_INTERACTIVE; and use GNUmake)
- # lynx 2.3 [from FTP2.cc.ukans.edu]
- (diffs available on jagubox)
- # NetHack
- # nn 6.4.18
- (A/UX configuration file available on jagubox)
- # nn 6.5.0(b3)
- (A/UX configuration file available on jagubox)
- # nntp 1.5.11
- # perl 4.035
- (use '-lm -lPW -ldbm -lbsd', get "fixed" dir.h to
- avoid needing -lposix for rewinddir(), use gcc if
- possible, make sure d_voidsig is correct ("define" if
- using ANSI, "undef" if not), and undef d_ndbm while
- defining d_dbm in config.sh).
- # perl 4.036
- (Don't answer "aux" but instead let the configure script
- work it's magic -- hints for 4.035 also apply)
- # portmap ("secure" version on ftp.win.tue.nl).
- # rn 4.3.54
- # rn 4.4.1
- o SB Prolog 3.1
- (minor changes in the builtin directory)
- # smail 3.1.28
- (get the AUXsmail.tar.gz file on jagubox for
- A/UX diffs and patches)
- # tcpd 6.3 [from ftp.win.tue.nl]
- # tcsh (compiles out of the box)
- # trn 3.0
- # xntpd (see above)
-
- ////////////////////// END OF PART 1 OF 4 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- --
- #include <std/disclaimer.h>
- | Jim Jagielski | jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | V: 301 286-5964 |
- | NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | F: 301 286-1719 |
- << Put the moon BACK, demon waif! >>
- Archive-name: aux-faq/part2
- Last-modified: Mon Mar 6 09:44:03 EST 1995
-
- This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.x.x
-
-
- \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 2 OF 4 //////////////////////
-
- ========================================================
- **** Partial list of compatible shareware|freeware ****
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Popular shareware|freeware:
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- ++++ This is by No Means a complete list!!! ++++
-
- o BBEdit Lite (2.31) - _really_ nice and good replacement for TextEditor
- (see Hints and Words Of Wisdom)
- o CFloppy (1.0)
- o ColorSwitch (2.3.0)
- o Disinfectant INIT (3.5)
- o DiskDup+ (2.52) - works better than DiskCopy and MountImage
- o Extension Manager (1.8 and later)
- o Facade (1.x)
- o File Buddy (2.2.1)
- o FMbackup 1.0.4 (prevents having to totally rebuild Desktop when A/UX
- crashes... See Q&A #M.10)
- o GateKeeper (1.3) - For some reason, "Show Log" doesn't work although
- log entries _are_ made. Chris Johnson knows about this and is
- looking into it.
- o Gregs Buttons (3.3)
- o MacsBug (6.2.x)
- o Maelstrom (1.40) - crashes sometimes, but heck it does that under MacOS
- as well :)
- o MenuChoice (2.0)
- o NewLook (2.0)
- o Solarian II (1.04)
- o Windows (2.1)
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Popular commercial:
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The following is a _very_ short list of some known compatible 3rd party
- applications, CDEVs, Extensions, etc... This is by no means a complete list
- since the vast majority of MacOS programs work just fine under A/UX (see
- Q&A #M.01). But the following ones are kinda popular and they get asked about
- alot:
-
- o Access PC (2.0) (v3.0 is NOT recommended for A/UX)
- o After Dark (2.0u and later) - some displays don't have enough
- memory to work so the default (low memory) one comes up
- o America Online (even the TCP/IP version)
- o ATM 2.0.3
- o ATM 3.0
- o Directory Assitance II (from Norton Utilities)
- o DOS Mounter (3.00) - but _boy_ does it slow down floppy disk access!
- o FrameMaker
- o Illustrator 3.2
- o MicroSoft Excel
- o MicroSoft PowerPoint
- o MicroSoft Word
- o Now Utilities 4.0.2
-
- Super Boomerang doesn't seem to like 3.0)
-
- o PC Exchange (1.0.3 and later)
- o Photoshop 2.0.1 <mostly> (Gamma, which is included, does _not_ work)
- o Premiere 1.0
- o Soft PC (Regular, Professional and Windows)
- o Square One v2.0 (good replacement for Super Boomerang)
- o StrataVision 3D 2.6.1 (requires the patch located via anon-ftp
- on jagubox in pub/aux/Patches)
- o Streamline 2.0 <mostly... not 32-bit clean>
- o StuffIt (and all permutations such as Expander, Deluxe, etc...)
- o Timbuktu Pro (all other versions including v5 have problems)
- o Type Reunion 1.3
- o VersaTerm Telnet (etc...) Tool
- o WordPerfect 3.1 (wordperfect is _very_ serious in assuring that
- it remains compatible as well!)
-
-
- ====================================
- **** Hints and Words Of Wisdom: ****
- ------------------------------------
-
- o Depending on your setup, A/UX allocates either 10% or 50% of memory for disk
- buffers (that is, the value of 'NBUF' is either 0 or -1... see kconfig(1M))
- [The kernel for the AWS95 has, by default, a NBUF value of -1 whereas
- "everyone else" has NBUF = 0]. If you have a lot of RAM and A/UX is only
- allocating 10%, you can greatly increase system performance by increasing
- the allotment. However, you cannot use kconfig to specify "20%" but you must
- give it an actual number to use. The way to determine the number of buffers
- being used, run "pstat -m". This will give you the number of buffers that
- are currently allocated. For example, if the value is 1000, then you know
- that to increase the number of buffers to 20%, you must use 'kconfig' to set
- 'NBUF' to 2000. Under 3.0.2 (and later), you can use the Memory cdev (as
- root) to do this as well. In fact, this is the recommended way.
-
- Please note that if you change the amount of RAM you have, you'll need to
- change the value of 'NBUF.' I suggest that before you add|remove RAM, you
- use 'kconfig' to reset 'NBUF' to 0, then do the RAM change and see how your
- system performance is. If needed, you can then use the above to increase
- (or decrease) the number of disk buffers.
-
- o You can run A/UX on the original MacII, however the PMMU chip must be
- installed. You can also use one of the many 68030 upgrades for the MacII,
- such as the Marathon '030, but the MacII ROMs won't recognize the PMMU
- capabilities onboard the CPU. You'll need to get the MacII FDHD ROM Upgrade
- Kit. This kit replaces your ROMs with IIx ROMs, thus enabling you (and
- A/UX) to use the upgrade. The kit also replaces your SWIM chip (floppy
- controller) enabling you to use FDHD disks (if such a drive is installed)
- too... thus the name of the kit. This kit can be had for about $120 although
- some dealers also include a FDHD drive as well, bumping the price up to
- about $430.
-
- o You can configure the built-in serial ports for hardware handshaking
- (RTS & DTS) _or_ dialup security (DTR & CD) but not both, due to the
- lack of a sufficient number of modem control lines.
-
- o When using ftp, unless you are _sure_ that a file is, in fact, a true
- Text file, set the ftp mode to Binary. This is especially true when
- downloading GIFs and "true" Mac files. If it's a BINHEXed file or a
- uuencoded file, then you can specify Ascii mode (in some cases, it's
- required). If the file you wish to download has the ".tar" or ".Z" suffix,
- then you _need_ Binary; if the suffix is ".uu" or ".hqx" then use Ascii.
- If you are using a MacOS-ftp utility, then using MacBinary may confuse A/UX
- (well, the Unix side of it). If the file is a tar file (for example),
- compressed or not, MacBinary attaches some MacOS "information" to the file
- that tar can't handle. Use 'fcnvt' to change the file to Apple Double to
- "strip" this extra by separating the forks:
-
- $ fcnvt -v -d <input.file> <output.file>
-
- To avoid having A/UX attempt the CR->NL change when copying the file over to
- A/UX, change the Creator to "A/UX" and Type to "BIN " before drag-copying
- the file.
-
- So, the flow should be as follows:
-
- o Set the file's Creator and Type to something safe ("A/UX"
- and "BIN ") to avoid CR->NL translation.
- o Drag copy over to A/UX.
- o Use 'fcnvt' to convert file to Apple Double format.
- o Use UNIX utilties as normal.
-
- o To download GIF files via anon-ftp, be sure to specify Binary mode. Then
- use 'setfile' to create the correct Type and Creator fields (for, example,
- for Giffer use 'setfile -t"GIFf" -c"Bozo"'). You can then keep this file
- on your A/UX disk or transfer it over to your MacOS disk (See Q&A #M.07).
-
- o If you want to rebuild the "/" desktop, be _sure_ to avoid circular
- symbolic links (links to "." and/or "..") or else you'll be waiting a
- looooong time. In a similar way, make sure that you don't have NFS volumes
- mounted because they will add a LOT to the time required to rebuild the
- Desktop...
-
- o With the newest version of HDB UUCP (1.16 - see above), use the "-u"
- option on 'getty' to keep /dev/tty?? settings sane. Also use the "-t" option
- with a value like 60 or so to make getty hang up a hung login attempt.
-
- o If your A/UX setup is a true multi-user system, or, at the least, has
- Guest as an active account, it is a Very Good Idea to give each user their
- own personal System Folder (use 'systemfolder'). This is _very_ true for
- root! As root, you should also avoid using the global System Folder
- (mac/sys/System Folder) as an alternate Sys. Folder... there's very little
- need to do so anyway.
-
- Oh yeah... you can't just copy /mac/sys/System Folder to something like
- $HOME/System Folder... you must use 'systemfolder' and add/change/delete
- things as required.
-
- o It's very easy to replace TextEditor as your Finder-double-click text
- editor. All you need to do is copy the application to /mac/bin (make sure
- that it's permissions are 755 bin|bin), edit /etc/profile and /etc/cshrc
- to change FINDER_EDITOR to point to the application. Now, A/UX text files
- will show up as that application's filetype. An _excellent_ replacement is
- BBEdit Lite (v 2.31). It is really recommended!
-
- o A/UX's 'login' supports additional dialup security. This is enabled by
- creating|editing two files: /etc/dialups and /etc/d_passwd. The format of
- /etc/dialups is a list of ports that you want to have dialup passwds. eg:
-
- /dev/tty0
- /dev/tty10
-
- The format of /etc/d_passwd is a list which associates a password with
- a login program (which is the last field in /etc/passwd). eg:
-
- /bin/sh:&nk7h7ak92j3H:
- /bin/ksh:8hw$jK4ft92jx:
- /bin/csh::
- /usr/lib/uucp/uucico::
-
- In this case, if anyone attempts to login on ports tty0 or tty10 and are
- using 'ksh' or 'sh', they'll get asked for a secondary (dialup) password.
- Users using 'csh' or 'uucico' will not. All other logins that use login
- programs not entered in /etc/d_passwd (like, for example,
- /usr/local/bin/bash) will _not_ be allowed to login on the "secure" port.
-
- o If you want to install a program that uses a "complex" installation
- procedure (like for Canvas, Word, Stuffit, etc...) then you should not
- try to do a fresh install under A/UX. Instead, install under the real MacOS,
- reboot A/UX and then install needed files to your A/UX System Folder.
- Programs that, when installed, hack around with the System (beyond things
- like Fonts) itself, most probably won't work under A/UX, since you really
- can't patch System (unless you are handy with ResEdit and know exactly
- what resources to add|change... even then, you are taking a chance...)
-
- o If you get an error message to the effect that you have a bad SuperBlock
- when doing a 'fsck' on a disk, try having 'fsck' use another SuperBlock.
- Block #16 is always an alternate SuperBlock block, so you can try:
-
- $ fsck -b 16 /dev/rdsk/cxxxxxxxx
-
- o A/UX has two versions of the setpgrp() call. The first is the standard
- SysV version and takes no arguments. The other is the standard BSD version
- and takes 2 arguments (setpgrp(pid, gpid)). However, if, when porting
- programs, you have added the 'set42sig()' call, or link with -lbsd, then
- you _must_ use the 2nd form (actually, the 2nd form is required whenever
- COMPAT_BSDTTY and COMPAT_BSDSIGNALS are set); the 1st form will usually
- fail. A non-portable way of handling this is always calling setpgrp() as
- follows:
-
- setpgrp(0, getpid());
-
- Now, no matter what the compatibility flags are, the function will work
- ('cc' and 'gcc' under A/UX presently ignores the passed arguments when the
- no-argument version is called).
-
- o It's always a Good Idea to keep "original" stuff separate from locally
- added or modified stuff. '/usr/local' is a very good place for this. To
- add manual pages to this location, create a '/usr/local/man' directory.
- Now make a symbolic link from '/usr/catman/L_man' to '/usr/local/man'. This
- does two things: (1) Allows 'man' to search down the '/usr/catman' directory
- to find your local man pages while keeping the actual data under
- '/usr/local'; (2) The local man-page set will be searched first (due to
- the name L_man) as would be desired. If you _really_ want, you can also
- make '/usr/local/catman' a link to '/usr/local/man'.
-
- o If you've added a number of additional man pages, you may want to snag the
- 'man-utils' package on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. It includes a collection of
- programs and scripts that make viewing, installing and making man pages
- easier. Also includes a replacement for '/usr/bin/man'.
-
- o Some 'configure' scripts may fail due to some line-length and symbol-length
- limitations in /bin/sh (you'll see something like a "symbol too long"
- error). You can get around this by changing the script type from:
-
- #!/bin/sh
-
- to:
-
- #!/bin/ksh
-
- to run them as 'ksh' scripts... In fact, I personally think it's better
- to run _all_ 'sh' scripts as 'ksh' scripts if possible ;)
-
- o IMHO, Courier and Monaco really don't look that nice for CommandShell
- windows. Monoca is too plain and Courier takes up too much room on the
- window (and with both, it's hard to see "."s, hard to tell the difference
- between "O" and "0", etc...). I use a font called CSFont here on jagubox.
- It's a tweaked version of the old, original Courier bitmaps that Apple
- used to provide. I really like it. It's available via anon-ftp here on
- jagubox in /pub/aux/Misc_stuff. I'm currently working on tweaking a
- Bold version of CSFont... stay tuned :)
-
- o If you are doing any in-depth porting, then do yourself a favor and snag
- a copy of libUTIL.a from jagubox. libUTIL.a is a collection of many
- functions that aren't included in the standard A/UX libraries, but are
- needed (or very useful) when porting (esp. BSD sources or ANSI stuff). Some
- examples of included functions are memmove(), strerror(), strdup() and
- more. If you have a suggested function to include, let Jim Jagielski
- (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) know.
-
- o In order to get the WWW-browser Netscape to work correctly under A/UX,
- you need to make sure a few things are right. First of all, make sure
- that your Preferences are setup correctly: your Temp and Cache directory
- should be set and _must_ be located on a MacOS disk, not under the A/UX
- file system; your Helper applications must be selected as well. Failure
- to do this can cause Netscape not to view graphics correctly.
-
- You should also move the 'Netscape f' folder from the Preferences folder
- in System Folder to the actual Netscape folder... Having it located in
- Preferences will prevent Netscape from remembering certain settings, such
- as Bookmarks.
-
-
- ==============
- **** Q&A: ****
- --------------
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: GENERAL QUESTIONS :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ===================================
- G.01) What's A/UX? Is it any good?
- -----------------------------------
-
- A/UX is Apple's implementation of Unix (it's Apple's UNix) for various
- Macintosh computers. A/UX merges two computing environments, Unix and the
- Macintosh Finder OS, and provides the full functionality of both.
-
- A/UX is based on AT&T Unix System V.2.2 with numerous extensions from V.3, V.4
- (such as streams) and BSD 4.2/4.3 (such as networking, the Fast File System,
- job control, lpr, NFS with Yellow Pages, SCCS and sendmail 5.64). It also
- provides full POSIX compliance. A/UX provides SYSV, BSD and POSIX compatiblity
- switches and libraries. A/UX is fully compiant with the System V Interface
- Definition (SVID).
-
- A/UX provides all three standard shells: sh, csh and ksh. X-Windows is also
- provided standard.
-
- A/UX 3.x.x incorporates System 7 for the Macintosh allowing for the use of
- the vast majority of Macintosh applications under A/UX. System7 and Unix
- and fully integrated under A/UX 3.x.x with the Unix file system being seen as
- a disk drive by the Finder.
-
- There are quite a few people who feel that A/UX is a near-perfect implemen-
- tation of Unix. Of course, every operating system (even AIX!) has it's share
- of devotees, so that's not a very valid scale of whether the system is any
- good. A/UX _is_ Unix... it's not some form of pseudo-Unix. It insulates the
- user from Unix, if required, but the System Administrator will need to become
- Unix-aware. Furthermore, if you want straight Unix, you can get it... it's
- not a chore to bypass all the "gingerbread." People may also complain that
- A/UX is based on an "obsolete" version of AT&T Unix (V.2.2). In many ways,
- Apple's extensions make A/UX very V.3-like (V.3 is in many ways an enhanced
- V.2... it even uses the V.2 kernel)... The list of extensions to A/UX are
- impressive. Compare what you get standard with other systems and you'll be
- shocked! On some, 'cc', 'f77', NFS, etc... are costly options.
-
- The main consideration (and opposition) to A/UX is the platform it runs on:
- The Macintosh. Some consider this a boon, others a bust. At present, Apple's
- top-level workstation is the Quadra 800, a 33MHz 68040 based system. Some
- consider this obsolete; others consider it overkill; others consider it, like
- Goldilocks, "just right."
-
- If you need super-fast state-of-the-art number crunching capability then A/UX
- may not be for you... the Q800 benchmarks at maybe 10-16 SPECmarks (depending
- on compiler used, external cache size, etc...) and you can get lots faster
- with other platforms. Of course, you'll have to "settle" for their operating
- systems, but if you need it, then that's how you'll get it. Of course, this
- doesn't mean that A/UX "crawls"...
-
- There are very few people who need this type of performance though. If you
- need (or just _want_ ) a Unix workstation with the speed and power of Unix
- and the user interface and application selection of the Macintosh then A/UX
- is the way to go. In many, many ways, A/UX is the Unix "for the rest of
- us"... even if we are long-time Unix junkies. If you love the Mac, you'll
- love A/UX; if you love Unix, you'll love A/UX... and if you want a near-
- perfect marriage of the two, then you'll love A/UX.
-
- Yes, A/UX is good... very, very good :)
-
- ========================================================================
- G.02) What's the minimum system I need (CPU, disk and RAM) to run A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.0 works on the MacII (with PMMU _or_ 68030 upgrade with FDHD ROM's
- installed), IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIfx, SE/30, IIsi (with 68882 chip) and the
- Quadra 700|900|950 computers. A/UX 3.0.1 (and later) adds support for the
- Q800 and Centris Machines (the Centrises _must_ have the real 68040 w/FPU -
- See Q&A #G.03). A/UX does not support the ClassicII, PowerBook, Duo or LC
- families. A/UX does _not_ work on _any_ of the -AV or PowerMac machines but
- will run on the Quadra 610 and 650s (recall that A/UX requires the _real_
- 68040 chip!) with a little bit of work:
-
- You should make a copy of the A/UX Install Boot floppy and then copy the
- Enabler for the Q610|650 onto this copy. You then boot up from this floppy
- and install A/UX as usual. Finally, you'll need to copy the Q610|650
- Enabler onto the A/UX MacPartition (or whatever MacOS disk you will use
- when starting up your Mac and booting A/UX); do this by first booting off
- a boot floppy or boot CD and then copy the Enabler over. You do _not_ need
- to make any changes to the A/UX System Folder (i.e. the System Folder used
- under A/UX).
-
- Recall that A/UX _is_ UNIX and thus contains some very hardware specific
- drivers. It's for this reason (and not Apple not doing things correctly) that
- A/UX won't work on newly released platforms. To support a new platform, at
- least _some_ work (and possibly extensive work in some cases) must be done.
-
- If you really want to cut it close, 8MB RAM and an ENTIRE 80MB hard disk will
- just make it. You'll have little room for user files (unless you clear out
- some space by removing /games and maybe /catman) and depending on your
- workload, may suffer from low performance (due to swapping... you may even
- encounter the infamous swap messages :)
-
- A much better system would be 16MB of RAM and about 200MB of disk space.
- This would give you much more room to grow as well as sufficient RAM to
- increase your performance (assuming that you tune some kernel parameters).
- All in all, more RAM is prefered: 20MB (or more) is ideal.
-
- ===================================
- G.03) What's new about A/UX 3.x.x?
- -----------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.x.x incorporates the full functionality of System7. It supports the
- QuickTime multimedia extension and the new Mac Quadra computers (not the AV
- machines, however). A/UX 3.x.x includes X11R4 in it's distribution, as well
- as MacX. Installation of A/UX is much easier that it was before and can be
- installed on any 3rd party hard disk using the "new and improved" HD Setup
- application (see Q&A #A.16 though).
-
- 3.0.2 is a later version of A/UX. 3.0.1 added support for the Q800 and
- the Centris machines (650 and 610) as long as they have the _real_ 68040 chip
- (68RC040) installed (Support for the C650 is official; support for the C610,
- which _requires_ the 040 be replaced since none have the required one
- installed, is non-official but known and verified). A/UX 3.0.2 will also run
- on the Quadra 610 and 650; see G.02 to see how. To get 3.0.2, you'll need to
- install 3.0.1 and then apply the AWS Tune-Up 1.0 to upgrade to 3.0.2. This
- upgrade is free.
-
- 3.1.1 is the latest version of A/UX. 3.1.1 greatly improves performance and
- reliability as well as fixes some bugs. It does not, however, add support for
- any other Macs. 3.1.1 is "tweaked" for the AWS95, but can be run on other
- non-AWS95 Macs as well (see Q&A G:09). A/UX 3.1.1 is a "tuned-up" version
- of A/UX 3.1, which is, itself, a improvement over 3.0.1/3.0.2 (in fact,
- 3.1 contains all the fixes in 3.0.2)
-
- 3.0.1, in addition to supporting newer Macs, provides performance boosts, bug
- fixes, better Finder emulation and other enhancements over 3.0. 3.0.2 does
- the same for 3.0.1. The upgrade from older versions of A/UX to 3.0.2 really
- _is_ worth the pretty small amount of money required. 3.0.2 is a better and
- more solid performer, both UNIX-wise and Finder-wise, than it's predecessors.
- 3.1 requires 3.0.1|3.0.2 and provides much better performance and should be
- seriously considered!
-
- ====================================================
- G.04) What's the diff between 3.0.2 and 3.0.2(wgs)?
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- 3.0.2 is an exact binary-copy of 3.0.2(wgs) (which is the version of A/UX
- for the WGS 95 server) except for some minor cosmetics and the exclusion of
- the server-related applications. This includes RetroSpect for A/UX (see Q&A
- #E.03). Some of the major differences between 3.0.2 and 3.0.2(wgs) include:
-
- o Buffer cacher size (default kconfig parameters)
- o Packages installed during Easy Install
- o Swap space size on Easy Install
- o Autologin enabled in 3.0.2(wgs)
- o lpr daemon on in 3.0.2, off in 3.0.2(wgs)
- o Partition choices in HDSC SetUp
-
- As you can see, they are all related to how the system is setup...
-
- ============================
- G.05) How can I order A/UX?
- ----------------------------
-
- The latest _shipping_ version of the complete A/UX distribution is 3.0.1.
- Once you get that, you can either decide to upgrade (for free) to 3.0.2 or
- upgrade even further by purchasing the A/UX 3.1 upgrade and then using
- AWS-Tune-Up-2.0 (which is free) to go all the way up to 3.1.1.
-
- A/UX is available preinstalled on Mac systems or on CD-ROM. To find the
- nearest A/UX reseller, call 1-800-538-9696. You'll need access to a compatible
- CD-ROM drive to install A/UX (or a friendly dealer if you go that route).
- Please note that at the present, you can only order 3.0.1; you'll then need
- to apply the AWS Tune-Up 1.0 (available on jagubox and aux.support.apple.com)
- to upgrade up to 3.0.2. You could also, as mentioned above, also decide
- to spend some extra money and get the 3.1 Upgrade CD-ROM, to bring you
- up to 3.1, and then apply the free Tune-Up-2.0 disk to bring you up to
- A/UX 3.1.1.
-
- The part numbers (and suggested retail price) for 3.0.1 are (US and Canada):
-
- M0598LL/C A/UX 3.0.1 CD-ROM product ($795)
- (contains Essential Manuals)
- M0597LL/B A/UX 3.0.1 Essential Manuals ($329)
- M0430LL/B A/UX 3.0.1 Programmers Manuals ($329)
- M0431LL/B A/UX 3.0.1 Administrators Manuals ($329)
-
- M0599LL/C A/UX 3.0.1 Update (updates previous ($250)
- versions to 3.0.1)
- M0489LL/B A/UX 3.0.1 Programmers Manual Update ($285)
- M0490LL/B A/UX 3.0.1 Admin. Manual Update ($285)
-
- If you are interested in upgrading your Q950 to the Apple WGS-95 Server
- (which uses A/UX 3.0.1) here are the part numbers (with SRP):
-
- M6940Z/A WGS 95 PDS Upgrade Kit ($2499)
- M6945Z/A WGS 95 PDS + DAT Upgrade Kit ($4399)
-
- By the way, MacWarehouse is now selling the A/UX 3.0.1 CD-ROM package for
- $619... Their phone number is 1-800-255-6227; ask for part#SYS0009. You
- can also order A/UX from Falcon MicroSystems, located in Landover, MD:
-
- A/UX 3.0.1 Update CD-ROM Item# 1155-128 $150
- A/UX 3.0.1 CD-ROM Item# 1166-324 $444
-
- Falcon's phone number is 1-800-284-1367 and their Email address is
- 'sales@falconmicro.com'
-
- To get 3.0.2, you need to snag the AWS Tune-Up 1.0 DiskCopy image files from
- aux.support.apple.com or jagubox and apply the patches. Although the Tune-Up
- is called AWS, it's really for _all_ A/UX users. Note that you need 3.0.1 to
- upgrade to 3.0.2.
-
- If you want to upgrade to 3.1/3.1.1, please see Q&A G.09.
-
- ==============================================
- G.06) What's the upgrade path for A/UX 3.0.2?
- ----------------------------------------------
-
- You can upgrade to 3.0.2 (from any other version of A/UX) by purchasing the
- A/UX 3.0.1 CD-ROM Product Upgrade (Apple part # MO599LL/C). The suggested
- price is $250. You then need to snag the AWS Tune-Up 1.0 disks to upgrade
- 3.0.1 to 3.0.2.
-
- It's recommended that if you do upgrade, that you completely repartition
- your disk via the Installer for two reasons:
-
- 1. The default (suggested) partition sizes have changed
-
- 2. You install 3.0.1 on a "clean" system.
-
- If you want to upgrade to 3.1/3.1.1, please see Q&A G.09.
-
- ============================================================
- G.07) What are Right-To-Copy and Right-To-Upgrade licenses?
- ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- If you have bought at least one copy of A/UX 3.0.x and you have other Mac
- CPUs that you would like to install A/UX on, you don't need to reorder the
- entire product. You can order a Right-To-Copy license for each Mac you want
- to install A/UX on and then copy your A/UX to that Mac. This is cheaper than
- buying a whole new CD-ROM package. It's not right to copy unless you have a
- Right-To-Copy.
-
- If those other Macs are already running A/UX, but an older version, then you
- need to order a Right-To-Upgrade license for each one you want to upgrade.
- As above, you then copy your 3.0.x over to that Mac.
-
- Note that in both cases, you must have purchased at least 1 copy of A/UX
- 3.0.x. The Right-To-* licenses just "authorize" you to then copy that over
- to other Macs.
-
- The A/UX Essential Manual Set (that comes with A/UX 3.0.x) is not provided
- with either license. If you need more, you'll need to order them
-
- =========================================
- G.08) How can I report bugs that I find?
- -----------------------------------------
-
- The official E-mail address is reports@aux.support.apple.com. If you subscribe
- to the A/UX Technical AnswerLine, you can also use that method. The former
- isn't acknowledged although the latter is.
-
- For completeness, also post the report to comp.unix.aux.
-
- There is also a HyperCard stack called "Apple Bug Reporter" that Apple
- recommends using. I have a copy and can make it available via anon-ftp if
- there is a demand.
-
- =============================================
- G.09) What's the word on A/UX 3.1 and 3.1.1?
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- The latest shipping version of A/UX is v3.1. 3.1 offers better performance
- than 3.0.2, fixes for various bugs, better MacOS emulation and some updated
- programs and applications. 3.1 requires 3.0.1|3.0.2 and costs $199 (+ $5 for
- shipping, $10 for FedEx). You can order it directly by calling 1-800-769-2775,
- x7822. Ask for the A/UX 3.1 WGS Upgrade Kit. If that doesn't work, try asking
- for part # M2885Z/A.
-
- Once you get A/UX 3.1, you should then apply the AWS-Tune-Up-2.0 disk which
- upgrades 3.1 to 3.1.1. 3.1.1 offers a bit better performance and better
- MacOS emulation than 3.1 does. It's also very free.
-
- 3.1.x has only been _fully_ tested on the AWS95 platform and not on all the
- other platforms that A/UX runs on; however, nothing was done to it to prevent
- it from working on other machines. 3.1.x is "only" for the AWS95s in the same
- way that 3.0.2 was "only" for them ;)
-
- Anyway, here is a short and non-official list of some 3.1.x features:
-
- o sendmail 8.6.4 now included (8.9 with 3.1.1)
- o support for new Berkeley NEWDB-NDBM package
- o Added support for "dynamic" use of removables, such as SyQuests
- o NEC CD-ROMs now supported !!
- o StyleWriter II supported
- o Support for UNIX file systems up to 4GB
- o Enhanced I/O performance (big improvement for fast machines and/or
- disks!)
- o Interupting a NFS server now works
- o Solaris clients no longer crash A/UX
- o Heavy UFS and NFS I/O no longer causes 'panic: freeing free inode'
- errors and deadlocks
- o I/O no longer causes excessive dropped kernel clock interupts
- o The size of .fs_cache no longer limited to 32MB
- o Death of 'catsearchd' now detected and responded to (used to crash
- the MacOS)
- o Desktop rebuilds no longer cause the Finder to terminate when the
- rebuild is done.
- o ThinkC runs under A/UX
- o Much better MacOS compatibility
- o 'Temporary Items' correctly handled
- o Various "needed" programs (like /bin/sh) recompiled w/o shared
- libs so that the system is still restorable after /shlib is munged
- o Various bug fixes and improvements, including:
- cpio (new option -L to follow sym-links)
- df (handles longer bus names)
- fsck (ignores 'noauto' and '-p'&'-y' now work correctly)
- make (uses SHELL in makefile)
- passwd (MAXUID now 65534)
- restore (can now restore named pipes)
-
- ====================================================
- G.10) What's the future of A/UX with the PowerMacs?
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- Apple has recently (August 5th, 1994) officially committed itself to UNIX
- on the desktop for PowerPC-based Macs (it had always been know that Apple
- would have UNIX available for it's PowerPC-based servers). Of course, this
- will _not_ be a port of A/UX, as it now exists, over to the PowerMac. Instead,
- it will be based on AIX, provided by IBM; Apple will further refine AIX (as
- Apple did with it's base of SVR2.2 for A/UX) and add the MacOS environment
- on top of it in the form of MAS (Macintosh Application Services). As such,
- it looks like PowerOpen-A/UX (for lack of a better term) will be extremely
- A/UX-like (it's hoped that Apple's improvements on AIX will be at least as
- good as it's improvements on SVR2.2).
-
- There _is_ a catch though... PowerOpen-A/UX will _not_ run on todays
- PowerMacs but will instead run only on the PCI-based PowerMacs ("Enterprise
- Client"), such as "TNT" or "Tsunami". Performance promises to be a _real_
- kicker and should blow your socks off. Apple has said that PowerOpen-A/UX
- will be available "the first half of 1995" but expect it a bit later than
- that, if past history has any validity at all :)
-
- Another nice thing about PowerOpen-A/UX is that it will run the Taligent
- Application environment... Cool!
-
- ==========================================================
- G.11) I can't use A/UX. What UNIX alternatives are there?
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- If you can't or *gasp* won't run A/UX on your Mac, then you should consider
- A/UX's only real contender: MachTen by Tenon.
-
- MachTen approaches UNIX on a Mac from a different viewpoint. Whereas A/UX
- is the MacOS running on-top of UNIX, MachTen is UNIX running on top of the
- MacOS. This means that compatibilty problems aren't an issue, since the
- MacOS isn't being "emulated" ala A/UX. You also avoid needing to create
- separate UNIX file systems since MachTen uses the MacHFS file system. Also,
- MacOS programs run at "top speed" although UNIX processes are slower than on
- A/UX. However, since it runs on-top of the MacOS, MachTen is limited to the
- inherent limitations and constraints of the MacOS. For example, MachTen's
- "kernel" isn't truly preemptive multitasking, although the UNIX processes
- are multitasked via MachTen. Also, local users can easily bypass MachTen's
- file-level security. As the MacOS evolves, these "short-comings" will no
- doubt be removed from the lower layer of the OS. Finally, MachTen runs on
- the PowerMacs under emulation, with a native version promised later this
- year.
-
- MachTen is based on the Mach kernel and the BSD-Reno/Net2 version of BSD.
- It's a very good alternative to A/UX for those machines that can't run A/UX
- or for those interested in having UNIX run on their Macs (say for learning
- UNIX or doing some UNIX development) but don't want their Macs to run UNIX :)
-
- There are also some ports "in the works" for MacBSD and Linux for Macs,
- but they still have _quite_ a ways to go...
-
- %%% For more info, contact info@tenon.com %%%
-
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: ADMINISTRATION ISSUES :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ==================================================
- A.01) How come my Login screen is gray, not color?
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- Because that's the way Apple wanted it :) Actually, the reason why is because
- the 'scrn' resource is missing from 'System' in /mac/sys/Login System Folder.
- If you're handy, you can copy 'scrn' from some other System and paste it in
- Login's using ResEdit. Make sure the "Is Color" field in 'scrn' is "1".
-
- =================================================================
- A.02) How come my Login ScreenSaver doesn't see both my monitors?
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This is also due to the fact (see Q&A #A.01) that the System file in
- /mac/sys/Login System Folder lacks a 'scrn' resource. If you copy this
- resource from a System that knows about your monitor setup into Login's System,
- then the screensaver will knows about all your monitors.
-
- ======================================================================
- A.03) Even though I have lot's of swap space and only a little bit is
- being used, I STILL get a lot of messages saying that my swap
- space is running low. What's the buzz?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Unix is justifyably concerned about having adequate swap space. A system
- crash caused by this beast is a sight to behold. However, A/UX seems EXTREMELY
- nervous about the amount needed before it starts getting fidgety. If you do
- a "/etc/swap -l" and see that you're only using a small portion of your swap
- space and have a "lot" left, then you can safely ignore the messages (just
- how much is a "lot" is hard to say, but if you have 25000 blocks and are only
- using 1000 or 2000, then I'd say you were fine). If you DO need more swap
- space, then you have a few options:
-
- a. Using 'kconfig', reduce the number and size of buffers.
- This isn't really a good idea since it could really degrade
- performance as well as possibly causing more panics.
-
- b. Add more swap space.
- Fine, if you have it. You could either add another disk
- as swap (nice) or repartition your present disk to create
- a larger Swap partition (Ack!).
-
- c. Add more memory.
- If you have more memory, then this will reduce the need to
- augment it with swap space... RAM's cheap too! There is an
- old rule of thumb that the size of Swap should be about
- 2 to 3 times the amount of RAM, which would seem to contradict
- the above. The thing is that if with the _present_ workload
- you are swapping like crazy, then adding RAM will reduce
- tha swapping. If, however, you start increasing the work-
- load, then swapping will start again, and you better have
- enough of it! This was the original intent of the Rule-Of-
- Thumb. At the very least, Swap should always be at least
- as big as the amount of RAM you have.
-
- ====================================================================
- A.04) How can I copy a complete file system from one disk|partition
- to another?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You have three options: dd, dump.bsd and cpio (pax MAY work but tar won't
- since it won't handle special-type files). If the two partitions are the same
- size, you can use 'dd' (to copy c0d0s0 to c5d0s3, e.g.):
-
- $ dd < /dev/rdsk/c0d0s0 > /dev/rdsk/c5d0s3
-
- To use dump.bsd, you can use the following command (this assumes that the
- destination disk in mounted on /mnt and you want to copy the root file system
- which is on SCSI 0... of course, you must be root and it would be MUCH better
- to do this in single-user mode):
-
- $ dump.bsd 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0d0s0 | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
-
- To use cpio, you must use it in a pipe with find. For example, to copy /usr
- (let's assume it's on it's own file system) to another disk|partition (assume
- it's mounted on /mnt) then you can use (you can add the "-depth" flag to
- 'find' if you want):
-
- $ cd /usr
- $ find . -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt
-
- The problem with this is that if the mount point of the destination disk
- falls under the file system's directory you're trying to copy, you'll load
- up your destination disk. For example, the following would NOT work:
-
- $ cd /
- $ find . -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt
-
- because 'find' would see the stuff in /mnt (which you just put in there) and
- try to copy in back to /mnt! To way to avoid this is by adding a little
- filter:
-
- $ cd /
- $ find . -print | grep -v '^./mnt*' | cpio -pdmuva /mnt
-
- If you have GNU find, then you can use it with it's '-xdev' option, which
- prevents find from walking through other file systems:
-
- $ cd /
- $ find . -xdev -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt
-
- dump.bsd creates a "truer" copy of your file system (the access and
- modification dates aren't mucked with... with the find/cpio pipe, at the
- least the directory dates are touched) but pre-3.1 versions of restore
- couldn't restore named pipes. These are easy to creat though using
- 'mknod'. The only named pipes included in the default A/UX distribution are:
-
- /usr/lib/cron/FIFO
- prw------- 1 root sys 0 Oct 18 16:08
-
- /usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/pipe
- prw-rw---- 1 daemon daemon 0 Oct 19 06:11
-
- ========================
- A.05) What's with UUCP?
- ------------------------
-
- UUCP under 3.x.x is very improved over it's previous "incarnation" under 2.0.1.
- 3.x.x uses HDB (for HoneyDanBer) UUCP instead of standard UUCP. Some nice
- things are bidirectional getty (also known as uugetty in other Unixs) which
- allows both incoming and outgoing communication over serial lines as well as
- better performance and reliability. I hear that setting it up is _much_ easier
- as well.
-
- You may seriously consider getting Alexis Rosen's "sendmail.cf" file for use
- under UUCP sendmail. This config file has been modified to allow UUCP and
- sendmail to work beautifully together. You may also want to consider simply
- installing smail to replace sendmail.
-
- Under 3.0., be sure that you are running the latest version: 1.16. It can be
- found on aux.support.apple.com in aux.patches/supported/3.0. Be sure that you
- get the new dial.o on ftp.apple.com (pub/earlw/dial) to avoid breaking syslog.
- Under 3.0.1 (and later) all is OK.
-
- ====================================================================
- A.06) How can I log anonymous ftp entries? in.ftpd has a -l option,
- but it doesn't work
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) has hacked in.ftpd to enable logging
- via the syslogd daemon. It also pays extra close attention to anonymous ftp
- logins. It's available (as well as other ports|hacks) on jagubox. Also
- available on jagubox is a port of the latest version of wuarchive's ftpd
- server for A/UX. wu-ftpd is a super-nice ftp server with lots of extras
- and neat features!
-
- The real reason why '-l' doesn't work with in.ftpd is that there's no real
- way to send this option to the daemon. A/UX 'inetd' doesn't allow you to add
- options to '/etc/servers'. John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) has ported the
- BSD-reno version of 'inetd' to overcome this limitation. Jim Jagielski has
- since been updating and maintaining 'inetd'. This version of 'inetd' also has
- some nice features, such as rereading /etc/servers when sent SIGHUP. It's
- available on jagubox. This version of 'inetd' has also been modified to log
- whenever it spawns a background daemon as well as logging which host requested
- the daemon.
-
- %%% For more info, contact Jim %%%
-
- ===========================================================================
- A.07) How come when I do a 'df' as a regular user, it shows me a different
- number of free blocks compared to when I run it as 'root'?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- One of the details about the BSD Fast File System is that it sets aside
- some amount of the available disk space (if the file system was created by
- HD SC Setup, then %5 is set aside; if created by 'newfs' then 10% is set
- aside... this value can be changed by using the 'tunefs' command) and makes
- it unavailable to regular users. This prevents 2 things: filling up a file
- system and destroying performance by having a "too full" file system. 'root',
- however, does have access to this "extra" disk space, hence the difference in
- the numbers reported by df between 'root' and "regular joe".
-
- As mentioned above, if you used HD Setup to create the partitions (or your
- A/UX came preinstalled), then the "set aside" value for these file systems
- is 5%, not the "default" of 10%... This was simply to give users more space.
- Reducing this value beyond 5% is Not A Good Idea.
-
- ======================================
- A.08) Does A/UX LocalTalk support IP?
- --------------------------------------
-
- Nope... not at all.
-
- ==========================================================
- A.09) How do I get MPW 3.1 to work? It hangs my system...
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- MPW 3.1 doesn't work under A/UX although 3.2 does. In the meantime, you
- can make 3.1 work by breaking into MacsBug when it's hung and entering:
-
- pc=pc+2;g
-
- See Q&A #M.04 for info about entering MacsBug...
-
- ===============================================================
- A.10) Can I refer to a file on my Mac system from within A/UX?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX's 'Finder' mode is the only way (currently) to access both file systems.
- You could write a hybrid application that could attach to the Finder world
- (a la, CommandShell and cmdo which can "see" both file systems), but you
- can't access HFS volumes from the A/UX kernel directly. In a similar vein,
- you can't 'mount' an HFS volume on an A/UX inode.
-
- =================================================================
- A.11) How can I adjust the amount of virtual memory Finder uses?
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- There are three ways to do this. The first is very easy: you simply use the
- Memory cdev to adjust the "memory" size, logout and then log back in. You
- must be 'root' to do it this way.
-
- The 2nd way is to use the 'TBMEMORY' environment variable. You can set it's
- "value" equal to the amount of memory you wish to use. For example:
-
- TBMEMORY=10m; export TBMEMORY (in .profile for ksh or sh or /etc/profile)
- -or-
- setenv TBMEMORY 10m (in .login for csh)
-
- configures Finder for 10M.
-
- You can also edit /mac/bin/mac32|mac24 (or .mac32|.mac24 if you are using
- this method) to call 'startmac' with the memory size you want using the
- "-m" option. For example:
-
- /mac/bin/startmac -m 8m > $SMLOGFILE 2>&1 &
- -------
-
- in (.)mac32|(.)mac24 will configure an 8M environment.
-
- Please note that under the 24-bit mode (mac24), you can only access a maximum
- of 8MB of RAM. It won't complain if you try to setup more, it just won't do
- it. Furthermore, if you actually have more than 8MB (say 12), the "About This
- Macintosh" window will show "Built-in Memory: 12,288 K; Total Memory: 8,192K".
-
- The default behavior of 3.0 (and earlier) was to allocate all the RAM to the
- MacOS. Thus, if you had 20MB, A/UX would, unless told otherwise, allocate
- 20MB for the MacOS-emulation. Under 3.0.1 (and later), this is slightly
- changed: A/UX will usually not allocate all RAM to the MacOS but will instead
- impose a 16MB maximum (this can be changed via Memory or TBMEMORY). Whatever
- version of A/UX you are running, it's a Good Idea not to allocate _all_ RAM
- for the Finder. This is because A/UX allocates itself a chunk, so if you give
- the Finder "all" of it, you can cause swapping and paging which can seriously
- degrade performance at times.
-
- If the value set in 'Memory' and TBMEMORY disagree, the value determined by
- TBMEMORY is used.
-
- ================================================================
- A.12) Is there an archive of comp.unix.aux out there somewhere?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Yes, it's located on aux.support.apple.com under archives/comp.unix.aux.
-
- ==========================================
- A.13) How come I can't use color under X?
- ------------------------------------------
-
- Apple's X (R4), and Thomas Eberhardt's X11R5 all support color. However, you
- must start the server with the "-screen 0 -depth 8" option (similar command
- with other screens if you have them). You can add these options to the command
- line or to your server's defaults file. You can also create a ".X11" file in
- your home directory which includes the line:
-
- X -screen 0 -depth 8
-
- to get the same effect. Make sure that ".X11" is executable for this to work
- ("chmod 755 .X11").
-
- ////////////////////// END OF PART 2 OF 4 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- --
- #include <std/disclaimer.h>
- | Jim Jagielski | jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | V: 301 286-5964 |
- | NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | F: 301 286-1719 |
- << Put the moon BACK, demon waif! >>
- Archive-name: aux-faq/part3
- Last-modified: Mon Mar 6 09:44:03 EST 1995
-
- This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.x.x
-
-
- \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 3 OF 4 //////////////////////
-
- ==============================================================================
- A.14) Using the command shell interface, I'm trying to access some Mac files
- (that have strange names) but I can't; the program returns an error and
- I can't access the file. What's going on?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The problem is that sh and csh don't understand the Mac "special" characters
- that are in the filenames. They don't expect filenames with characters that
- are represented by 8-bits. ksh is "8-bit clean" and thus would be able to
- access the file. For example, to remove Moire, just type:
-
- $ ksh #this creates a Korn shell child
- % rm M?ire #match the weird 'o'
- % exit #get back in your old shell
-
- You could also use emacs' DIRED or the Gnu File utilities to do this, but
- ksh is right here on the system so it's a bit easier. Of course, another very
- easy way is to use the MacOS interface and do the deletion|rename|whatever
- the "Mac" way. Please note that if what you are MacOS deleting is a symbolic
- link to a directory, what gets Trashed is actually the contents of the
- directory as well as the link! This is due to the fact that to the Finder,
- the link looks like a folder, and the entire thing gets deleted.
-
- ===================================================================
- A.15) I heard the the Installer for 3.x.x works on "any" 3rd party
- hard disk. Well, it doesn't on mine!
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Well, the Installer will work with any 3rd party disk but there are a few
- wrinkles... The HD Setup application in the 3.x.x Installer is unique in that
- not only does it create A/UX partitions but it also creates the actual file
- systems in those partitions (basically it runs 'newfs'). Now if you have used
- some other HD utility program (such as SilverLining or FWB HDT) to create
- the partitions and then attempt to install A/UX on that disk, the Installer
- sees that the partitions are there and then _assumes_ that they were created
- by HD Setup and therefore have the file systems already created. Of course,
- the file systems don't exist yet, just the partitions, so the installation
- fails.
-
- You have a few options:
-
- a. Run the Installer on a newly formatted disk. This means that HD Setup
- will do all the partitioning (etc...) and the installation will proceed.
- Note that this means you will be "stuck" with the Apple drivers whenever
- you are in the _real_ MacOS Finder.
-
- b. If you want to use the drivers on your HD utility (for stuff like,
- maybe, password protection of partitions) then you have two (maybe three)
- additional options:
-
- i. Use 'a' above to install A/UX. Then use your HD utility program to
- "take over" the disk, disabling (or even removing) the Apple drivers
- and installing it's own. Note that if there isn't enough space to
- install it's drivers, most will attempt to "shrink" the MacOS partition
- to make room. Most can do this with no problem, but why take the risk...
- when you partition the disk, leave about 64K available as free space.
-
- ii. Use your HD utility to create the partitions. Then, before you
- run the Installer, run 'newfs' "by hand" to create the file systems so
- that the installation can proceed.
-
- iii. Use your HD utility to format (etc...) your disk and create
- _only_ the MacOS partition. Now run the Installer. In most cases HD
- Setup will work fine with the driver installed on the disk. You can
- now use it to create the A/UX partitions.
-
- <<ED: I _know_ this (iii) works with FWB HDT>>
-
- Please note that HD SC Setup will only create the file systems if run under
- A/UX. If you run it under the MacOS, it can only partition...
-
- ==================================================================
- A.16) Since RetroSpect will no longer be bundled with A/UX 3.0.2,
- how can I get it?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Very early reports indicated that RetroSpect for A/UX might be bundled with
- A/UX 3.0.2 as it is with the AWS95 version of 3.0.2. This is no longer the
- case (if it ever _was_ ). However, if you are a registered owner of RetroSpect
- 2.0, you can order an upgrade to RetroSpect A/UX. The cost is around $200
- and to order (or more info) you can call 1-800-225-4880 (have your
- registration number handy). International customers should call 510-849-0293.
-
- Please note that if you have the Pisces card installed (with the WGS95), then
- _only_ RetroSpect A/UX will work and _only_ under the A/UX environment. You
- will not be able to access your DAT under the real MacOS!
-
- ==========================================
- A.17) How can I configure CAP under A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------
-
- For the answer, snag a copy of CAP.txt which is available on jagubox (in
- /pub/aux/Info for anon-ftp).
-
- ===========================================
- A.18) What are some good books about A/UX?
- -------------------------------------------
-
- Except for Apple's complete manual set, there are no books specifically about
- A/UX. (Well, there's one but it's most probably out of print. It is most
- definately out of date. It's called "The A/UX Handbook" by Jan Harrington
- and it's written for A/UX 2.0).
-
- There are some _very_ good books about UNIX in general however. The best of
- the pack (IHMO) is "UNIX Administration Guide for System V" by Thomas and
- Farrow. Another good book is the "UNIX System Administration Handbook" by
- Nemeth, Snyder and Seebass. Since A/UX is a mix of SystemV and BSD both books
- are worthwhile ("UNIX Sys. Ad. Handbook" deals "mostly" with BSD systems).
- Another must-have is "UNIX Power Tools" from O'Reilly and Associates.
-
- For general information about shells and programming there's no better book
- than "The UNIX Programming Environment" by Kernighan and Pike. For the 'ksh'
- shell, the best book I've encountered is "Learning the Korn Shell" by Bill
- Rosenblatt.
-
- O'Reilly and Associates has a wide selection of UNIX-based books. You're
- bound to find what you're looking for from them. You can contact them either
- via Email (nuts@ora.com) or Phone (1-800-998-9938).
-
- There is also a list (with over 160 entries) of UNIX books (and mini-reviews)
- located on ftp.rahul.net in 'pub/mitch/YABL/yabl'.
-
- ====================================================================
- A.19) When booting up, I get a "panic ialloc, dup alloc" (or other)
- error message and A/UX won't boot. What can I do?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This is due to the fact that some file system damage exists on the Root file
- system. By default, A/UX Startup will only run 'fsck' on the root file system
- if the system is marked as "dirty." So even if damage exists, as long as the
- disk was cleanly 'umount'ed, 'fsck' won't check it out and fix it.
-
- I recommend always having A/UX Startup fully check out the disk before booting
- A/UX. It takes a while, but it's worth it. To do this, choose Booting from
- the Preferences menu. Now change the command under "AutoRecovery" to "fsck
- /dev/default" (it was "fsck -y -p /dev/default"). When you do this, you'll
- notice that the radio button changes from "Check root file system" to "Custom
- command"... that's OK. After that, A/UX will always run 'fsck' on Root. If
- you are doing this, you might as well have A/UX run a full 'fsck' on all
- file-systems too. Check out fsck(1m) and fstab(4) for how to do this... one
- way is to just edit /etc/bcheckrc and remove the options to the "/etc/fsck"
- command.
-
- If you don't want to do this but you do have some damage that prevents A/UX
- from booting, then you can cancel the boot-up process (either select "Exit"
- or hit "Command-."). Then type "fsck /dev/default" and then, when 'fsck' is
- done, type "boot" (or "launch"). Sometimes you must run 'fsck' a coupla times
- to fully fix the file system if there was extensive damage.
-
- ========================================
- A.20) Is traceroute available for A/UX?
- ========================================
-
- This is kinda a trick question. The actual source for traceroute is readily
- available and compilable for A/UX. However, traceroute makes use of raw
- sockets. The original implementation of sockets by Berkeley contained a bug
- in raw sockets that prevented traceroute from working correctly. This bug was
- subsequently fixed in later versions of most UNIXes out there, but not in
- A/UX. However, Apple _does_ know about the fix, since they included a fixed
- 'bnet' driver with their distribution of traceroute for 2.0.1/3.0. Even so,
- for some strange reason, they never incorporated this fix in later versions
- of the 'bnet' driver. Thus, the short answer is, except for 3.0, traceroute
- will not work under A/UX, due to the fact that Apple has neglected to fix
- a "buggy" 'bnet' driver, even though the know about the problem and the fix.
-
- ==============================================
- A.21) What is KEEPALIVE and how can I use it?
- ==============================================
-
- KEEPALIVE is a method implemented in Berkeley sockets and TCP/IP (and in
- A/UX) that periodically polls a connected socket to determine if it's
- still "alive" or whether the client on the other end has dropped off.
- If the connected client doesn't respond, A/UX will consider the connection
- broken and send SIGPIPE to all connected processes. For this feature to
- be actually used, programs must set the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the
- socket.
-
- One particular of A/UX is that although it supports KEEPALIVE, it doesn't
- send the first probe for _2 hours_! It's been suggested that it would be
- much better to shorten this value to something more realistic to take
- better advantage of this capability. However, to do this, you'll need to
- use 'adb' and adjust the kernel.
-
- You can either patch the kernel itself (which requires that the patch be
- reapplied everytime the kernel is rebuilt) or patch /etc/install.d/boot.d/bnet
- to keep the patches. To patch the kernel to adjust to time to 1st probe, you
- need to use 'adb' to adjust the 'tcp_keepidle' parameter. To get the right
- value, multiply the number of minutes you want A/UX to wait until the 1st
- probe by 120, then change that value to hex. For example, to make A/UX sent
- the 1st probe every 5 minutes (5 x 120 = 600 = 0x258) do:
-
- adb -w -k /unix << Foo
- tcp_keepidle?D
- tcp_keepidle?W 258
- tcp_keepidle?D
- $q
- Foo
-
- To patch the 'bnet' driver instead, do:
-
- adb -w /etc/boot.d/bnet << Foo
- tcp_keepidle?D
- tcp_keepidle?W 258
- tcp_keepidle?D
- $q
- Foo
-
- Now run 'newconfig -v' and reboot.
-
- ==============================================
- A.22) What does this 'panic' message mean...?
- ----------------------------------------------
-
- In general, most system panics are due to A/UX exhausting some kernel
- resource; to prevent these, you need to know which resource was used up
- and then use 'kconfig' to increase them:
-
- console panic message kernel parameter to increase
- ----------------------- ------------------------------
- "panic: kmem_alloc" MAXCORE
- "panic: getfreehdr" MAXHEADER
- "timeout table overflow" NCALL
- "file: table is full" NFILE (NINODE as well, to same value)
- "inode: table is full" NINODE (NFILE as well, to same value)
- "m_expand returning 0" NMBUFS
- "panic: out of mbufs" NMBUFS
- "proc: table is full" NPROC (NREGION as well, 3x NPROC)
- "Region table overflow" NREGION (NPROC as well, NREGION/3)
- "sptreserve: no kernel virtual space" NSPTMAP
- "allocbuf" SBUFSIZE (and NBUF as well)
- "cannot allocate buffer cache" NCLIST (and add RAM)
- "cannot allocate buffer headers" NBUF (and add RAM)
- "getfreehdr" NPBUF
-
- You may also run up against the processes-per-user limit as well. This
- can be increased by bumping up the MAXUP. Of course, you'll also need to
- increase NPROC, NREGION, NFILE and NINODE (and maybe others) as well to
- account for the increased number of processes...
-
- ================================================
- A.23) How often does A/UX sync the file system?
- ------------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.0 performs a sync every minute. It's done by 'init' and the frequency
- can't be changed.
-
- A/UX 3.0.1/3.0.2 does one every 30 seconds; cached blocks older than 30
- seconds are flushed, therefore a block can be resident for between 30
- and 59 seconds. If you want, you can use 'adb' to change the value of
- 'syncdsleep' to the number of seconds to sleep between flushes. Blocks
- older than that will be flushed.
-
- A/UX 3.1/3.1.1 peforms a sync every second and flushes blocks that are
- older than 30 seconds (i.e. a block can be resident for 1 to 31 seconds).
- You can alter this by using 'adb' to change 'syndperiod' to the timeout
- age (how old the block can be before it's flushed) and 'syncdsample'
- to the wakeup period; by default, 'syncdperiod' is 30 and 'syncdsample'
- is 1.
-
- Under A/UX 3.0.1/3.0.2/3.1.x, the kernel process 'syncd' can be seen via
- 'ps'.
-
- ============================
- A.24) What is 'catsearchd'?
- ----------------------------
-
- Under A/UX, 'catsearchd' is a UNIX process that maintains a cache of
- MacOS File System information. Having this cache available _greatly_
- increases the performance of catalog searches made from the MacOS and
- an AppleShare client.
-
- For each file cached, 'catsearchd' requires 200bytes of memory, so if
- your File Systems are large, 'catsearchd' can be a real memory hog. One
- way to avoid this is to use the 'nocats' option in 'fstab' for mounted
- file systems.
-
- Unless you are running A/UX as an AppleShare server, there's no need to
- run 'catsearchd'; in fact, it's better _not_ to run it due due to it's
- memory and performance hits.
-
- =====================================================================
- A.25) Is there any way to make AppleDouble file formats the default,
- rather than AppleSingle?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Sure is... All you need to do is set the 'TBFILEFORMAT' environment
- variable to '1'. You can do this either in /etc/profile or /etc/cshrc
- to make it system-wide or have each user add it to their .profile or
- .login file.
-
- For sh/ksh, the commands are:
-
- TBFILEFORMAT=1
- export TBFILEFORMAT
-
- and for csh it's:
-
- setenv TBFILEFORMAT 1
-
- You can also edit /mac/bin/mac32 as well if you want.
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: MAC-EMULATION QUESTIONS :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ======================================================
- M.01) What Mac applications are compatible with A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------------------
-
- It would be much easier to list the applications that aren't compatible.
- The list is much, much shorter...
-
- The _vast_ majority of applications that run under System 7 will run under
- A/UX 3.x.x. In fact, before System 7 was released, A/UX 2.0.x was actually
- a good litmus test whether the application was 32-bit clean and would run
- under System 7. The only applications that are _sure_ to fail are those that
- try to access hardware _directly_, such as HD utilities or backup
- applications. A/UX 3.x.x provides both 24 and 32-bit modes, so if the
- application doesn't run under 32-bit mode, try it under 24-bit.
-
- One key note: if the program uses a "complex" installation procedure (like
- for Canvas, Word, Stuffit, etc...) then you should not try to do a fresh
- install under A/UX. See the above Hints and Words Of Wisdom.
-
- ===================================================
- M.02) What screen-savers are compatible with A/UX?
- ---------------------------------------------------
-
- AfterDark (2.0u and later) works well under A/UX but some displays may not
- have enough memory under Login so the "low-memory" display will be used.
-
- Moire and FMbackup seem a bit incompatible. They both function fine together
- but the combination prevents FMbackup's "Finishing up..." window from
- displaying, although FMbackup does, in fact, finish up. Furthermore, Moire
- seems to screw-up Commando (both version 3.22 and 4.01 exhibit this problem)
- so all in all, Moire can't be recommended if you desire using Commando (the
- problem seems to be with all MacOS applications 'launch'ed from the
- CommandShell window). Using Moire for the Login screen works well however,
- since you can't access Commando or 'launch' applications from there.
-
- Darkside is also available. Unlike other screen savers, Darkside is an
- application, not an INIT. This means it won't work under the Login screen.
- The latest version of Darkside is 4.0 and will _not_ work on Pre-System7
- systems, so don't attempt to use this under A/UX 2.0.1 or later.
-
- Moire is available on jagubox.
-
- ========================================================================
- M.03) My MacOS partition mounts fine under MacOS but it doesn't show up
- under A/UX... Why?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Whether or not a Mac partition mounts under A/UX depends on a number of
- factors... Necessary conditions for a partition to mount are:
-
- 1. The disk MUST be partitioned using the "new" partitioning scheme
- detailed in Inside Macintosh V. There is still plenty of disk software
- out there that uses the "old" scheme and this drives will not mount
- under A/UX. Generic disk formatters that use the "new" scheme include
- SilverLining and FWB Hard Disk Toolkit. Most major disk vendors supply
- A/UX compatible formatting s/w.
-
- 2. The partition must mount under MacOS BEFORE A/UX is booted. A/UX
- only tries to mount partitions that were already when it was booted.
- So, if you use an application to boot A/UX and this application runs
- before a partition is mounted, A/UX won't mount it for you. If you
- have a removable drive (such as SyQuest), you must insert the disk
- before you boot A/UX... this means you can't swap cartridges under
- A/UX.
-
- Sometimes, the partition map isn't correct for the MacOS partition; In
- particular, the Logical size may be 0! You can use 'dp' to look at the
- partition map to see if this is the case. Assuming that the disk us SCSI #2,
- then:
-
- $ dp /dev/dsk/c2d0s31
- P
-
- Will print out the partition map entries. You can then see if the "Apple_HFS"
- partition type has the correct logical size.
-
- =========================================================================
- M.04) I have MacsBug installed. How can I trigger it?
- -- or --
- M.05) Sometimes my MultiFinder environment (and/or CommandShell) freezes
- up; how can I unfreeze it? Should I hit the Interrupt switch?
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The "Command-Control-e" keypress will kill the current MultiFinder environment
- and "unfreeze" (and kill) your MultiFinder|CommandShell. Depending on whether
- your session-type is Console Mode or 32|24-Bit, you will either get returned
- to the console or get returned to the Login screen. You should _NOT_ press
- the Interrupt switch since this puts you into A/UX's kernel debugger. If you
- have MacsBug installed (which is recommended) then you can press
- "Command-Control-i" to enter it. This may enable you to clean some things up
- before the MultiFinder environment is blasted (even just using 'rs' under
- MacsBug helps...). If MacsBug is _not_ installed, the "C-C-i" behaves almost
- like a "C-C-e" except that it appears that A/UX doesn't need to "rebuild"
- your icon/Desktop "environment" the next time Mac-mode is entered.
-
- To make sure that MacsBug installs correctly, it's name must be 'MacsBug'.
- A munged Debugger Prefs file can also prevent MacsBug from installing. This
- happened to me when upgrading to 3.0.1... To be safe, make a solid safe
- copy before upgrading.
-
- ============================================================================
- M.06) My site is not upgraded to EtherTalk Phase 2 yet... can I use Phase 1
- under A/UX?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX only supports EtherTalk Phase 2. Upgrading to Phase 2 is recommended
- for a variety of reasons, but most importantly to ensure compatibility with
- new products from Apple and developers (of course, the added features over
- Phase 1 are nice too :).
-
- ===========================================================================
- M.07) I'm having trouble transfering files between A/UX and my MacOS disk.
- Also, sometimes things get transfered fine, othertimes not. What's
- going on?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- If a file on the A/UX system has Type "TEXT", then when it is copied over to
- a MacOS disk, all 'newline' characters will be replaced by 'carriage returns'.
- Sometimes this is what you want (that is when the file is, in fact, a TEXT
- file). Othertimes it's not. Say for example you download a GIF file onto your
- A/UX disk. A/UX _might_ think it's a TEXT file. If you then copy it over to
- your MacOS disk and try to use Giffer on it, it won't work. That's because
- the 'nl's where changed, which is _not_ what you want. The way to stop this
- is to convince A/UX that the file is of non-TEXT type. There are many
- applications out there (including the A/UX included 'setfile' program) that
- lets you modify this. Do this before you copy the file over to your Mac OS
- disk and all will be Okay. If you aren't sure what the Type and Creator should
- be, you can just specify "BIN " and "A/UX" (note space in BIN) and the file
- won't be massaged during the copy|transfer. You'll still need to eventually
- change them to the correct ones for their particular application, but this
- way they'll be on your MacOS disk "uncorrupted."
-
- Of course, you could also use 'setfile' to set the Type|Creator fields
- _before_ you copy the file to the MacOS disk and avoid an additional step.
-
- Please note that if you downloaded a BINHEX file, you _do_ want to keep it
- as a TEXT file if you transfer it over to the MacOS. Once there, you can
- de-BINHEX it and unStuffIt (if it was a binhexed stuffit archive).
-
- Please note that if you transfer Unix-type files (like tar archives or
- compressed files) between the A/UX file system and a MacOS disk (esp. if
- these files were "created" on a MacOS disk by a MacOS utility), the Unix
- application may no longer work correctly with it. This is because the MacOS
- resource information was attached to the file during the transfer (the file
- is in Apple Single format). To "fix" this, use 'fcnvt' to change the file
- to Apple Double format which will detach the resource fork and place it
- into a "%..." file.
-
- See "Hints and Words Of Wisdom" (above) for hints in using ftp file transfers
- under A/UX.
-
- ================================================================
- M.08) Do I install CDEVs and Extensions in the System Folder on
- MacPartition or on the "/" A/UX disk.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- To install these additions to A/UX, you will need to drag-copy them over to
- the A/UX System Folder. Usually, this is /mac/sys/System Folder on the "/"
- disk but it will also "appear" in your "home folder" icon. If you have a
- personal System Folder (i.e. $HOME/System Folder) then they should be dragged
- there. To add a screensaver to the Login screen, it must be dragged into the
- correct subfolder in /mac/sys/Login System Folder. That is, if it's an cdev,
- drag it into /mac/sys/Login System Folder/Control Panels.
-
- ==========================================================================
- M.09) I heard that A/UX requires a special version of System 7 to boot...
- Is this true?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A lot of people believe this but this is not true. There is no difference
- between the s/w on the MacPartition partition and the "real" System 7. The
- only _real_ need for MacPartition is that the disk where A/UX Startup lives
- is where A/UX Startup looks for the A/UX Root partition. When A/UX Startup
- launches, it looks at "it's" disk and then looks for A/UX partitions on that
- disk. This means that you _don't_ need to boot-up from the MacPartition disk
- to boot A/UX. Start your Mac from your standard Startup disk and just
- double-click on A/UX Startup on the MacPartition icon.
-
- You can even do without the MacPartition disk but telling A/UX Startup the
- exact SCSI number of the A/UX disk. You can do this a couple of ways:
-
- 1. create a ROOT variable in A/UX Startup that points to the
- root partition in this form: (SCSI-ID, 0, 0)
-
- 2. Under the General Preferences menu, change the Root Directory
- to (SCSI-ID, 0, 0).
-
- The "device" file /dev/default points to the SCSI-ID of whatever disk is the
- MacPartition disk, so if you don't have one, you need to tell A/UX Startup
- it's "real" name. This is kinda messy since you'll need to preface a lot of
- stuff with this value: e.g.
-
- #startup cat (6,0,0)/etc/inittab
-
- =====================================================================
- M.10) After the Mac environment crashes (or when I use MacsBug), the
- Desktop gets all screwed up... Argg!!
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Ron Flax of Apple (ron@afsg.apple.com) has written a very useful System
- Extension called FMbackup that creates backup copies of "valuable" Desktop
- files. When the MacOS-mode is entered, FMbackup restores these files. Thus,
- when your MacOS "crashes", you no longer need to rebuild the Desktop or reset
- all your Icons, window "types", etc... Please note that there seems to be
- some incompatibilty between FMbackup and Moire and QuickMail 2.5.1.
-
- FMbackup (1.0.4) is available via anon-ftp on afsg.apple.com as well as
- aux.support.apple.com (in "unsupported").
-
- %%% For more information about "FMbackup", please contact Ron via E-mail %%%
-
- =====================================================================
- M.11) My MacOS partition(s) only show up on the Desktop when I login
- as root. Why?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Under the Preferences/General Menu of A/UX Startup, there is a radio-box
- called "Password checking". This is intended to provide some security for
- the A/UX Startup application. When enabled, two (default) things happen:
-
- 1. A/UX Startup requires a password to open.
- 2. MacOS partition(s) are only mounted for root login.
-
- Thus, to enable MacOS partition(s) to be available for all users, you must
- disable "Password checking". See auxstartuprc(4) for more info.
-
- ======================================================================
- M.12) For some reason, my CommandShell only responds to a keyboard
- event after it receives a second event. For example, typing "a"
- won't show until I type something else or click the mouse.
- What gives?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This is caused almost 99% of the time by an Extension|CDEV conflict. The way
- around this is to selectively disable each one at a time and see which one
- causes the problem... then delete it. "Wild Magic" is prone to do this as
- are older versions of CEToolbox.
-
- =====================================
- M.13) Can A/UX 3.x.x run System 7.1?
- -------------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.x.x's MacOS interface is based on System 7.0.1. You cannot install
- Sys 7.1 on A/UX (meaning you can't make A/UX run Sys 7.1) since there are a
- few system files that are fine-tuned and modified to work under A/UX. These
- would get overwritten if you tried to install 7.1 and you'd be out of luck.
- Please recall that this doesn't mean that you can't have 7.1 installed on
- your MacPartition, to be used when in MacOS-only mode. It just means that
- you can't have A/UX run 7.1.
-
- Just to let you all know, if you really want to, you _can_ install 7.1 on
- A/UX 3.x.x and the MacOS-stuff will work pretty well. However, all hybrids,
- such as CommandShell or Commando, will die... not too useful...
-
- ===============================================
- M.14) What version of AppleTalk does A/UX run?
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- This one is tricky. First of all, the version of AppleTalk under A/UX was
- designed specifically for A/UX... Don't try installing the Network Software
- Installer (NSI) disk. Bad Things will happen.
-
- With that out of the way, when polled by InterPol, A/UX will respond that
- AppleTalk v56 is running. However, A/UX's version is really compatible with
- version 58. This will cause trouble with those applications that rely on
- version numbers rather than capability.
-
- =====================================================================
- M.15) I've just installed MacTCP 2.0.2|4|6 on A/UX and nothing works!
- What's going on?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The copy of MacTCP that ships with A/UX is specifically written for A/UX. You
- should _not_ replace it with any MacOS version of MacTCP! Doing so will cause
- mucho problems for A/UX. This is because A/UX's MacTCP simply offloads all
- networking functions down to A/UX itself which handles them.
-
- Although it's true that some MacOS programs, such as Mosaic, "require" MacTCP
- 2.0.2|4|6, the vast majority work just fine with A/UX's version. In extreme
- cases, with programs that actually _check_ the version number, a little
- ResEdit hacking will fix things up. Basically, all you need to do is COPY the
- 'vers' resource of MacTCP 2.0.2|4|6 and PASTE it into MacTCP in your active
- A/UX System Folder (you want to 'Replace' the previous 'vers' resource). This
- will cause MacTCP to appear (via 'Get Info' and similar ways) to be version
- 2.0.6.
-
- =======================================================
- M.16) Does the LaserWriter Bridge s/w work under A/UX?
- -------------------------------------------------------
-
- No it doesn't... The reason is because the LaserWriter Bridge software
- requires AppleTalk version 57 or higher but, due to the way AppleTalk
- is implemented under A/UX, the software thinks and behaves as if A/UX
- is running a version closer to v56.
-
- A/UX, however, _can_ print to a printer connected via the LaserWriter
- Bridge on a different Mac.
-
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- =======================================================
- D.01) Can I use my Teac|DAT|etc tape drive under A/UX?
- -------------------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.x.x's 'tc' device driver (version 1.40) officially and "totally"
- supports the following tape drives:
-
- Qualstar 9 track
- Archive 4mm DAT
- Archive QIC
- Teac DCAS 600
- Exabyte 8500 <<ED: no go with the 8200s>>
- DC2000
-
- Please note that all the devices except for the Qualstar 9-tracks require
- 8k-blocking when used through 'tc'. This means you will need to use 'tcb' or
- 'tbb' as a filter ('dd' will also work during reading). You should also
- specify 8k blocking (or a multiple thereof) when using dump.bsd.
-
- Jim Jagielski has created a replacement for 'tc' called 'NEWtc'. It fixes
- a lot of Apple's 1.4 bugs as well as to provide some nice new features. It
- supports all the above drives in addition to:
-
- CIPHER drives
- Exabyte 8200, 8205 and 8505
- HP DATs
- SONY SDT line
- Teac DCAS 150 and 60
- WangDAT 1300 and 2600 series
- WankTEK series 6130 (FS/HF), 5525 and 5050ES.
-
- It also has a "Generic" entry that will attempt to drive tapes it doesn't
- know about. If you have a drive that isn't supported, let Jim know and he'll
- try to add it.
-
- NEWtc is up to version 3.33 and is available on jagubox. Included in the
- package are replacement copies of 'mt', 'tc.7.Z' and 'mt.1.Z'.
-
- Tony Cooper has written a VERY nice double-buffering copier that greatly
- increases the speed of backups; it's called 'tbb.' It works quite nicely with
- 'tc' (assuming the correct blocking factors)... It's included with the 'NEWtc'
- package.
-
- Craig Ruff (cruff@ncar.ucar.edu) has written a Teac device driver also, which
- works with both the 150 MB and 60 MB drives. You get the complete source so
- you may "adjust" the driver if you want for other drives.
-
- The Teac driver is available on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.
-
- %%% For more information about 'tc', please contact Jim via E-mail %%%
- %%% For more information about 'teac', please contact Craig via E-mail %%%
-
- =====================================================================
- D.02) I have an EtherNet card that works fine under the Macintosh OS
- but not under A/UX. Why?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The reason is because to access the card (which is seen as a device by A/UX),
- you need an A/UX device driver for it. This is NOT the same as the stuff you
- had to install under the MacOS for it to work. Now A/UX includes drivers for
- the Apple EtherNet card (they aren't installed by default though), but they
- don't work with most of the 3rd party cards except for the 3Com "EtherLink
- NB", the Asante "MacCon" and the StarNet Networking cards. They are 100%
- register compatible with their Apple counterparts, so you can use Apple's
- 'ae' driver with them. Drivers for the EtherPort II cards are available via
- anon-ftp on jagubox. However, the drivers for the "old" EPII cards (full
- length) only support TCP/IP (they were written for A/UX 1.1 but will work
- under 2.0.x). As far as other cards are concerned, you will have to ask the
- vendor for A/UX drivers for it.
-
- Please note that there have been numerous reports about problems with the
- EtherPortII cards, A/UX and the IIfx and IIsi... you are warned :)
-
- =======================================
- D.03) Can I use my scanner under A/UX?
- ---------------------------------------
-
- A/UX 3.x.x fully supports the Apple OneScanner as well as providing better
- support for SCSI devices. A/UX will still use its own SCSI driver, however.
-
- ===========================================================================
- D.04) I'm trying to use a SyQuest drive under A/UX but it refuses to work.
- I keep on getting a "more data than device expected" error message.
- What's wrong?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The "problem" is with the generic SCSI disk driver under A/UX. For SCSI
- drives, there are certain parameters that may be adjusted by the user; these
- parameters are grouped in "pages." One such page concerns how the disk
- responds to and recovers from errors: the Error Recovery Page. A/UX expects
- the parameters in this page to have certain values. Now the vast majority of
- SCSI disks have the values set as expected, but this isn't the case with
- SyQuest drives. There is one parameter (PER) which is opposite than expected
- by A/UX. When A/UX trys to set this value to what it wants, however, the
- SyQuest drive reads this "request" wrong (the request is 16 bytes but the
- SyQuest only reads 4, so the SCSI Manager reports the error.
-
- Tony Cooper (tony@marc.cri.nz) has written a Mac application which sets the
- Error Page values correctly: Fix Error Page. This application must be used
- under the MacOS. It can be found on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov as well as on
- aux.support.apple.com (aux.patches/unsupported/2.0). You can also use the
- FWB Hard Disk Toolkit - World Control Application to enable the PER bit in
- the recovery page (Page #1).
-
- This program may also be a help in getting some SCSI-2 devices, such as disks
- and opticals, to work under A/UX. If A/UX sees that the Error Page parameters
- are incorrect, it will attempt to send a Mode Select command to fix them,
- however it will use the SCSI-1/CCS page length instead of the SCSI-2 length,
- which, depending on the drive, will not work.
-
- By the by, here is the /etc/disktab entry for SyQuest:
-
- # SyQuest disk
- #
- Syquest|syquest|S45:\
- :ty=winchester:ns#34:nt#2:nc#1275:
-
- ==================================================
- D.05) What 3-button mice work under A/UX (and X)?
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- The Gravis SuperMouse was a 3-button mechanical mouse that was completely
- configurable and compatible with A/UX and was at the time your best bet. At
- present, however, the Gravis SuperMouse is no longer manufactured or supported
- at _all_ by Gravis :(
-
- Older versions of LogiTech's MouseMan are fully compatible with A/UX, as some
- people have been using them with no problems. However, newer versions aren't
- as nice, since you can't reconfigure the button binding.
-
- Mouse System's A-3 mouse is "fully" compatible with A/UX, but is hard-wired
- configured for A/UX as: Left Button = Actual Mouse Button; Middle Button =
- Left Arrow; Right Button = Right Arrow. The "A-3" power cdev doesn't work
- under A/UX. The A-3 mouse is an optical unit with a nice feel.
-
- Please note that A/UX 2 & 3 only support a subset of the ADB Manager. Thus
- there are a few ADB devices that may not work under A/UX.
-
- =====================================================
- D.06) Is it worth getting a cache card for the IIci?
- -----------------------------------------------------
-
- Absolutely! The card makes an amazing difference in performance. However,
- this performance increase is reduced when an external monitor is used. For
- more information about extensive benchmarking with the IIci and cache
- cards, you can snag the benchmarking results via anon-ftp on
- redstar.dcs.qmw.ac.uk in archive/papers.
-
- ====================================================================
- D.07) How can I figure out the /etc/disktab entry for my hard disk?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Many hard disk applications will reveal the disk drive geometry for you:
- FWB Hard Disk ToolKit is very good (SilverLining is a bit wrong on the number
- of tracks... it includes spares). What you are really looking for are the
- total number of cylinders ('nc'), the number of sectors per track ('ns') and
- the number of tracks ('nt').
-
- By far, the easiest (and cheapest) way is to use the SCSIProbe utility, by
- Herb Weiner (herbw@wiskit.com), that runs under A/UX. This neat little package
- automatically generates disktab entries for your disks.
-
- Also, I'm maintaining a list of /etc/disktab entries. If you have any, send
- it to me and I'll add them.
-
- The file is available on jagubox.
- <<ED: I need _LOTS_ of entries>>
-
- Just a note: the number of tracks ('nt') is equal to the number of heads.
-
- ==========================================
- D.08) Which serial cards work under A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------
-
- There are a number of serial cards that "work" with A/UX. The Apple serial
- card is NOT one of them.
-
- o There is the Digiboard Nu/Xi, which comes in 4 and 8 port versions. Brand
- new drivers for the card have been coded and are available. This version
- (3.3.0) however, doesn't currently work with CSlip but otherwise works
- great. You can snag the drivers via anon-ftp from digibd.com (which is
- 192.83.159.193) in drivers/mac.
-
- Technical Support for DigiBoard is 612-943-9020. If you'd like to contact
- the main engineer responsible for the drivers, contact Brian Westley at the
- following Email addresses:
-
- merlyn@digibd.com
- ...uunet!digibd!merlyn
- AppleLink: merlin
-
- o There is also the Creative Solutions, INC (CSI) HQS/HDS v4.4/4.5 Hurdler
- Serial Nubus cards. These cards have both pure UNIX _and_ MacOS device
- drivers (i.e. a 'newconfig' code module and a MacOS INIT/DRVR module). The
- A/UX drivers support baud rates up to 57.6k and 115.2k using the 'B50' and
- 'B75' flags, true hardware handshaking while monitoring DCD for Dialup
- security, and full compatibility with CSlip and PPP and their associated
- daemons. The A/UX-MacOS drivers are fully compatible with all CommToolbox
- functions and serial drivers. These are very nice cards :)
-
- There is a mailing list for the Hurdler cards. To subscribe, send Email to
- 'listserv@abraxas.adelphi.edu' with:
-
- SUBSCRIBE HURDLER-AUX-L FirstName LastName
-
- in the body of the message... as is somewhat usual, DON'T put listserv
- commands in the subject line. This mailing list also discusses the
- Hustler card as well.
-
- The recommended cable-pin out for these cards is:
-
- Mac Modem
- Male Mini-Din-8 DB-25
- --------------------------------------------
- 1 (HskO) --- 4 (RTS)
- 2 (HskI) --- 5 (CTS)
- 3 (TxD-) --- 2 (TxD)
- 4 (GDN) --- 7 (SigGnd)
- 5 (RxD-) --- 3 (RxD)
- 6 (TxD+) --- 7 (SigGnd)or(NC)
- 7 (GPi) --- 8 (DCD)
- 8 (RxD+) --- 7 (SigGnd)
- 6 -- (DSR)
- |
- 20 -- (DTR)
-
- Also, for logins, you should be using the FLOW flag in the gettydefs file as
- for example:
-
- fl_38400#B38400 # B38400 SANE2 TAB3 # ~MODEM ~DTR FLOW #\r\nlogin: #fl_38400
-
- For further info about the drivers, or for _any_ help is using this card,
- please contact Alan M. Friedman at Intelligent Interfaces, Inc:
-
- alan@kether.intellint.com
- AppleLink: D5620
-
- You can contact CSI at csi@applelink.apple.com (AppleLink: CSI).
-
- o Another is Paul Campell's Taniwha CommCard. This card does indeed work
- with all versions of A/UX including 3.x.x. It has special support for
- UUCP. It has a few mysterious and not very important problems. It's an
- excellent buy. The only problem is, it's not on the market anymore. If you
- can get one used, though, it's worth getting. The one downside is that,
- like Apple's ports, it won't SIMULTANEOUSLY support modem and hardware flow
- control. It is immune to many of the nasty bugs which affect the built-in
- serial ports, including the two (at least) which can crash the kernel.
-
- o Yet another is the Applied Engineering QuadraLink serial card. According
- to sources, the board was super easy to setup and use. It also appears
- very solid as far as performance.
-
- The AE QuadraLink card, like the CommCard and the Apple ports, can't do
- both hardware handshaking and modem control at the same time. No hardware
- patch kit will be developed for the AE card...
-
- =============================================================================
- D.09) I'm using a LaserWriter IIg with A/UX 3.x.x and whenever I print some-
- thing to it through 'lpr', the first line of the page is cut off. Why?
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This only shows up on versions of the IIg (and IIf) with less than 5MB RAM.
- The reason is because this makes the LW default to PhotoGrade-mode. You can
- do 2 things to fix this:
-
- 1. Using the LaserWriter Utility program, disable PhotoGrade.
- Since one of the main advantages of these LW's is PhotoGrade,
- this option is kinda unpalatable.
-
- 2. If you are _only_ using "Letter" mode under 'lpr', then you
- can edit /usr/lib/ps/pstext.pro to include the following line
- between "% RCSID:..." and "/StartPage...":
-
- %!PS-Adobe-1.0
- % Z%Copyright Apple Computer 1987\tVersion 1.1 of pstext.pro on\
- 87/05/04 19:02:25
- %%Creator: pstext
- %%DocumentFonts: Courier
- % RCSID: $Header: pstext.pro,v 2.1 85/11/24 12:19:55 shore Rel $
- ====>>>letter
- /StartPage{/sv save def 48 760 moveto}def
-
- This will fix the problem and make it usable again.
-
- =========================================================================
- D.10) I'm trying to access my tape drive using 'tc' (with something like
- "find . -print | cpio -o > /dev/rmt/tc1") but it doesn't work...
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Except for 9-track magtapes, all I/O to tape drives associated with the 'tc'
- device files _must_ be blocked at 8k. The 'tcb' program does just that so
- that should be included. For example, to write:
-
- $ find . -print | cpio -o | tcb > /dev/rmt/tc1
-
- And to read:
-
- $ tcb < /dev/rmt/tc1 | cpio -i
-
- You can get better performance if you increase the buffer size (just make
- sure that it's a multiple of 8k). For example, you could use 'dd' as your
- blocking filter with a 'bs=10x8k'.
-
- Jim Jagielski's replacement for 'tc' allows for 'tc' to use the tape drive's
- own physical block size as the logical block size for I/O. Doing so results
- in a bit of a performance hit so it isn't recommended for normal use. You
- should use the "mode" only if you need to read tapes written by 'st' or by
- another platform. Please note you are still limited to an I/O block size of
- at least the physical block size, which can be anything for 512 to 1024 to
- 8192 bytes.
-
- %%% For more information about 'tc', please contact Jim via E-mail %%%
-
- =========================================================
- D.11) What CD-ROM drives are compatible with A/UX 3.x.x?
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- The original Apple CD-ROM drive (CD SC) is 100% compatible with A/UX as is
- the newer CD-150. Older versions of the CD-300 (those with pre 1.8f ROMS)
- would cause problems with A/UX and would do little more than allow you to
- install A/UX, making it almost useless for day-to-day use. One of the fixes
- of 3.0.2 is _much_ better support for all versions of the CD-300, although
- Apple does suggest that you update the CD-ROM drive's ROMs with the latest
- version if you have problems. I've heard that you can get the latest ROMs by
- calling 1-800-SOS-APPL or seeing your Apple dealer. The following are also
- known to be 100% compatible (meaning you can use them to install A/UX as well
- as when running A/UX):
-
- The Toshiba XM3201, XM3301B XM3401B, XM3501
- DEC RRD42, RRD40 (LMSI CM-212)
- Denon DRD 253
- Sun CD-ROM (Sony CDU-8012?)
- CD-Technologies Porta-Drive CD-ROM
- Chinon CDA-431
-
- 3.1 adds support for NEC CD-ROMs; previous versions of A/UX weren't able to
- work with these units due to their physical block size.
-
- ====================================================================
- D.12) I've tried to install the CD Remote extension to A/UX so that
- I can play audio CD's, but it doesn't work...
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- By itself, A/UX doesn't support audio CDs. However, there are 2 software
- packages that add this capability:
-
- The first package is xmcd/cda, which provides both a X-Motif (xmcd) and
- generic command-line (cda) interface for playing audio CDs under A/UX.
- The package requires that the 'devscsi' kernel package be installed, so
- it will work under 3.x.x. xmcd/cda was written by Ti Kan (ti@bazooka.amb.org).
- and can be found on ftp.x.org:/contrib/applications/xmcd.
-
- The second package is a MacOS-patch to enable you to use the CD Remote
- application. Kelly King and Andrew Kass (at Apple), however, have written the
- "AUX SCSI Toolbox" extensions that emulates the Mac SCSI Manager. With this
- extension installed, you can run applications and drivers that talk to the
- Mac SCSI Manager, including the Apple CD-ROM driver! With this extension, you
- can listen to your audio CDs under A/UX! This is the latest version of the
- extension: 1.0b4.
-
- "AUX SCSI Toolbox" is available via ftp on jagubox under:
-
- /pub/aux/Apple.fixes/unsupported/3.0.x/SCSItlbx.tar.gz
-
- Please read the included ReadMe before installing and using it.
-
- ==================================================
- D.13) What UNIX CD-ROM formats does A/UX support?
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- Other than the "normal" A/UX SysV and UFS file system type, A/UX supports
- ISO-9660 file system format CD-ROMs. However, you can only access these CDs
- from the MacOS environment; you can't "mount" them in the normal UNIX-way. As
- distributed, A/UX doesn't include the needed Extensions that allow the MacOS
- Environment from recognizing these CDs. To fix this, you need to copy the
- following Extensions from the Apple CD-ROM Software disks (version 3.2 or
- later) to the System Folder of the user(s) that need access to these CDs:
-
- o Foreign File Access
- o High Sierra File Access
- o ISO 9660 File Access
-
- The docs are a little blurry on this (even though it's specifically mentioned
- in Chapter 5 of the "Setting Up Accounts and Peripherals for A/UX") since they
- say that you don't need to add any _kernel_ resources...
-
- One of A/UX's quirks is that all files on ISO-9660 CDs are "seen" as TEXT
- type files. This causes troubles with binary files since when you try to
- drag them over to the "/" disk, A/UX will perform it's \r->\n translation.
- To avoid this from happening, you can:
-
- 1 Drag the file(s) over to a MacOS HFS disk. Then use ResEdit (or something
- similar) to change the file Creator to "A/UX" and Type to "BIN " (note the
- space!). Now you can drag the file over to "/".
-
- 2 Use ResEdit to look at the NCOD resource in the "ISO 9660 File Access"
- extension. Open the "Main" resource in NCOD. Now change the string
- "TEXT" to "BIN " and "hscd" to "A/UX". Save, logout and login. This
- changes things so that _all_ files on the CD-ROM appear as non-Text,
- CommandShell files, so that A/UX will _not_ perform any translation.
-
- Again, please note that A/UX will not recognize _any_ of the audio capability
- of CD-ROMs unless you add the "AUX SCSI Toolbox" extension described in Q&A
- #D.12.
-
- ====================================================================
- D.14) How can I add printers other than those available in Chooser?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- <<ED: From a post by Antonio Ordonez (antonio@apple.com)>>
-
- If the printer is in another zone, it is necessary to define the zone in
- which the printer is located with a full path name. You can then "hardwire"
- a printer name including the zone for a particular printer queue.
-
- The best way to do this is to make a copy the /usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk
- directory and give it a name related to the printer we want to use. Modify
- the file ifilter/ofilter/nfilter (it is the same file with 3 hard links) in
- this directory. Also modyfy the /etc/printcap file to create a new printer
- queue.
-
- I will use my system as an example so please modify to reflect your
- situation.
-
- The first thing to do is to create the new directory and put the correct
- files in it. NOTE that I am using mknod to create the pipe file.
-
- mkdir Idaho
- chown daemon Idaho
- chgrp daemon Idaho
- cp AppleTalk/ifilter Idaho/ifilter
- cd Idaho
- ln ifilter ofilter
- ln ofilter nfilter
- mknod pipe p
- chown daemon *
- chgrp daemon *
-
- In my case I have a printer called "Idaho Spooler" in the zone "SCV CAM2
- 2nd W" while my system is on the zone "SCV CAM2 2nd E", so all I do is to
- modify the /usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter file (you can use vi or
- TextEditor)
- and change the line that defines the value for Printer from
-
- Printer=`basename "cwd"`
- -to-
- Printer="Idaho Spooler:LaserWriter@SCV CAM2 2nd W"
-
- In the /etc/printcap file I copy the entry for AppleTalk (all six lines) and
- change any reference to AppleTalk to the name I used for my new directory.
- Again, in my case I used "Idaho" as the directory name so my /etc/printcap
- file looks like:
-
- #
- # pragma ident "@(#)lpr:printcap 5.4 90/03/27 "
- #
- # Copyright 1990 Apple Computer, Inc.
- # All Rights Reserved.
- ##
- # Remote AppleTalk printer (selected by Chooser)
- # For an AppleTalk printer which doesn't support PostScript remove last 2
- names.
- lp|at|AppleTalk|postscript|PostScript:\
- :lp=/dev/null:\
- :if=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ifilter:\
- :of=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ofilter:\
- :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/nfilter:\
- :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk:
- lp2|Idaho:\
- :lp=/dev/null:\
- :if=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter:\
- :of=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ofilter:\
- :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/nfilter:\
- :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho:
-
- After all these steps are completed restart the printer queue with the command
-
- lpc restart all
-
- Now you should be able to send a print job to the printer in the other zone
- with the command
-
- lpr -Plp2 /etc/passwd
-
- or
-
- lpr -PIdaho /etc/passwd
-
- Hope this helps
-
- ////////////////////// END OF PART 3 OF 4 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- --
- #include <std/disclaimer.h>
- | Jim Jagielski | jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | V: 301 286-5964 |
- | NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | F: 301 286-1719 |
- << Put the moon BACK, demon waif! >>
- Archive-name: aux-faq/part4
- Last-modified: Mon Mar 6 09:44:03 EST 1995
-
- This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.x.x
-
-
- \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 4 OF 4 //////////////////////
-
- ============================================================
- D.15) What 3rd party accelerators are compatible with A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- For the most part, all DayStar Digital accelerators are compatible with A/UX
- 3.0 even if their controlling CDEVs don't work under A/UX (the accelerator
- must be enabled with the CDEV before booting A/UX). However, their 040
- accelerators do NOT work under A/UX. In fact, except for Apple's own Quadra
- 700 Logic Board Upgrade, there are no 040 accelerators that work (i.e. don't
- crash) under A/UX.
-
- There has been at least 1 report of the DayStar-accelerated MacII not working
- under 3.0.2... it's possible that 3.0.2 is more sensitive to timing than 3.0
- was... If in doubt, be _sure_ that you can return the accelerator if you
- can't run it under A/UX.
-
- According to Daystar Digital, the DayStar QuadraCache is _not_ compatible
- with A/UX. DayStar is working on a fix... Nonetheless, there are a number of
- people (including people at Apple) who are using these cache cards with no
- problems at all and with very nice (~25%) performance boosts.
-
- << ED: This is kinda skimpy, but I'd thought I'd start it up. EMail me
- your list >>
-
- ==============================================================
- D.16) Will the old serial HP DeskWriter work under A/UX?
- --------------------------------------------------------------
-
- No, it won't... You need to use AppleTalk to use it under A/UX.
-
- ================================================
- D.17) How can I use a HP DeskWriter under A/UX?
- ------------------------------------------------
-
- For the answer, snag a copy of DeskWriter.txt which is available via anon-
- ftp on jagubox in /pub/aux/Info.
-
- ======================================
- D.18) Does A/UX support 24-bit color?
- --------------------------------------
-
- Yes.
-
- There is one major caveat, that will hopefully be addressed in future
- versions. On startup, A/UX reinitializes all hardware drivers, including
- the video-drivers; as a result, most accelerated 24-bit cards (all third-
- party cards known to date, as well as Apple's old 8*24 GC card) will be
- reinitialized to run in non-accelerated mode. You'll still get 24-bit video,
- but depending on your hardware, it may be painfully slow.
-
- This could be solved by better driver support from the vendors of accelerated
- video cards. Certain vendors have been promising such support for awhile now.
-
- The best hardware to run A/UX with 24-bit video enabled are currently
- the Quadra 700, 900, and 950, whose internal video can be populated with
- enough VRAM to support 24-bit color (note that the Q800 cannot do this !).
- Performance is considered good under A/UX by many users.
-
- The following is a list of 24-bit cards that readers have reported work with
- A/UX from personal experience. It is NOT a complete list; there have been no
- reports of cards that work under MacOS but not A/UX (excepting the caveat
- detailed above):
-
- Apple 8*24, 8*24GC
- Quadra 700, 900, 950 internal video
- PrecisionColor PRO 24xp
- RasterOps 24STV, Paintboard li
- Radius 24XP, 24XK
-
- =================================================
- D.19) What's the specifics on the AWS95 PDS Card?
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- The AWS95 PDS Card (known as "Pisces") has two main functional additions to
- the Q950. The first is that it includes an external level-2 cache for the
- Quadra's 68040. The cache size is 128K, but this can be increased with Apple
- provided SRAM upgrade kits. The use of a L2 cache increases the base perfor-
- mance of the Q950.
-
- The second capability that Pisces includes is the addition of two additional
- upgraded SCSI buses. Pisces fully supports Direct Memory Access (DMA) on these
- SCSI buses. This can greatly increase SCSI throughput by offloading SCSI
- operations to the PDS card. The card supports active termination and negation
- on the 2 SCSI DMA buses, improving signal quality and integrity.
-
- =================================================
- D.20) What are the specifics of SCSI under A/UX?
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- SCSI under A/UX is SCSI-1/CCS and not SCSI-2. However, A/UX can use most
- SCSI-2 devices. Problems will arise on some SCSI-2 disks if their Error
- Correction Mode Pages are incorrect (See Q&A D.04). A/UX supports SCSI
- connect/disconnect which results in more efficient use of the SCSI bus.
- Finally, A/UX provides asynchronous I/O as well.
-
- =========================================================
- D.21) I can't get my LaserJet 4M to work reliably. Help!
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- Bad news... for some reason, if the LaserJet is connected _directly_ to a
- Q700 running A/UX via AppleTalk then it won't work. If you have a router or
- something similar between the two it'll work like a hose. It looks like it's
- most probably a 4M ROM bug and I hear that HP is "working" on a fix.
-
- ==========================================================
- D.22) Does the Apple Adjustable Keyboard work under A/UX?
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- No it doesn't... This is due to the way the Adjustable keyboard actually
- works and the fact that A/UX doesn't fully support the ADB Manager. :(
-
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: PORTING AND PROGRAMMING :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ================================================================
- P.01) How come rn|elm|less|etc... act weird concerning signals?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Well, it's not really them at all. Many people have found that more than a
- few ports require the addition of the 'set42sig()' call to enable BSD 4.2
- signal delivery. The best place to add this is as the 1st executable statement
- under
-
- "main() {"
-
- Another point about porting applications: A/UX's 'cc' does provide "strict"
- BSD, SystemV and Posix libraries. If you are porting a BSD program, you can
- enable BSD "emulation" by adding the "-ZB -lbsd" options to your 'cc' command
- line. In fact, using just the '-lbsd' option alleviates the need for adding
- the 'set42sig()' call mentioned above and is, in many cases, the suggested
- option. Compiling with gcc also helps out a great deal.
-
- ===================================
- P.02) Is X11R5 available for A/UX?
- -----------------------------------
-
- Yes! Thomas Eberhardt has ported X11R5 and the binaries (which includes full
- shared libraries) for A/UX are available via anon-ftp on wuarchive.wustl.edu
- under systems/aux/X11R5 (our overseas friends should get it from
- ftp.uni-stuttgart.de due to US Export regs). Patches for X11R5 compiled with
- gcc are also available. It looks like it results in a nice 10-20% increase in
- performance! Thomas had "taken over" X11R5 with his new port; John Coolidge
- used to do it...
-
- %%% For more information about X11R5 for A/UX, E-mail Thomas %%%
-
- =====================================================================
- P.03) I've noticed that FSF GNU doesn't support A/UX. Does that mean
- I'll miss out on all the neat Gnu-stuff like gcc?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Although it's true that FSF is "boycotting" Apple and A/UX (FSF doesn't like
- Apple's predisposition of suing to protect "look and feel"), ports of most Gnu
- applications are available. Of particular interest is gcc version 2.6.3 which
- has been ported by Jim Jagielski (based on previous ports by John Coolidge
- and is available via anon-ftp on wuarchive.wustl.edu in systems/aux/gnu. The
- binaries, sources and diffs are all available.
-
- GCC version 2.6.3 for A/UX has been ported and is available... Highly
- recommended!
-
- As a nice compliment to using GCC, gdb (4.9) is also available.
-
- %%% For more info about gcc for A/UX, please contact Jim via E-mail %%%
-
- ==========================================================================
- P.04) I've ported Elm (or other mail reader) and it doesn't seem to work.
- Why?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- It seems most likely that the reason is because they attempt to use a
- different file locking scheme that /bin/mail does. Pre-3.0 versions of mail
- used 'flock' style file locking. 3.x.x now uses the '.lock' scheme for mail
- file locking. Elm 2.4.X requires that both flock and .lock be enabled. Elm
- 2.3.X requires _only_ .lock locking.
-
- =============================================
- P.05) What languages are available for A/UX?
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- A/UX comes with a C compiler ('cc'), a FORTRAN-77 compiler ('f77') as well
- as an assembler ('as'), SNOBOL ('sno') and a kinda-basic interpreter ('bs').
- 'cc' is a nice, stable, if not-too-quick compiler. 'f77' is a true FORTRAN-77
- compiler and appears quite workable. I've not used 'sno' (I couldn't recall
- how to program in SNOBOL if my life depended on it :) or 'bs'.
-
- If you are doing any work in C, then it would be well worth it to get a copy
- of the GNU C compiler ('gcc') (see Q&A #P.03). gcc is K&R and ANSI compatible
- so if you are doing ANSI work you'll need it. Apple also has an ANSI C
- compiler ('c89') that you can buy. It's available on the "A/UX Developer's
- Toolkit CD" from APDA. There is also at least one other 3rd-party C compiler
- out there, but I can't recall it's name right now. gcc is free; c89 runs
- about $800. Both include C++ capabilities.
-
- There are also 2 very good 3rd-party FORTRAN compilers: NKR FORTRAN and Absoft
- MacFORTRAN II. In my opinion, MacFORTRAN II is the better product... it has
- finer compiler control, a wide number of compatibility options (such as VAX
- FORTRAN) and excellent speed. If you do order MFII, be _sure_ to get the A/UX
- version. They also sell an MPW version that will work under A/UX but it's
- run under, you guessed it, MPW. The A/UX version is a true "Unix" compiler
- and it's optimized for A/UX. Both MFII and NKR FORTRAN run about $500-$600.
-
- Oasys sells 3 compiler packages: C, C++ and FORTRAN. All the compilers are
- based on the GreenHills compilers which are known to be robust and fast.
- However, the Oasys packages are expensive, running about $2000 per language
- (although you do get assemblers and linker/loaders with the package). Unisoft
- used to distribute their "Optimizing Compilers" (FORTRAN and C) for A/UX,
- but they are no longer available... Pity, because they also were based on
- GreenHills and were quite nice.
-
- At present, I know of no true Pascal compilers for A/UX.
-
- Finally, if you are doing program development, then you'll need a good
- debugger. As described above in "List of ports...", gdb has been ported if
- you would prefer using something other than sdb or dbx, which are included
- with A/UX. If you are using FORTRAN, then Absoft also makes an excellent
- debugger which has been fine-tuned to work with MFII (it also does quite well
- with C); it's called FX. It has two interfaces, character and Motif, and is
- quite powerful.
-
- =======================================
- P.06) Is OSF/Motif available for A/UX?
- ---------------------------------------
-
- The only source for OSF/Motif (1.1.4) for A/UX that I know of is:
-
- Integrated Computer Solutions
- 201 Broadway
- Cambridge, MA 02139
- 617-547-0510
-
- However, they have stopped producing this and have since stopped support for
- A/UX OSF/Motif. They may still have a few copies of it available, so if you
- don't mind using unsupported software, give them a call.
-
- If you have, or can get, the actual source code for Motif then the following
- will be of some help: 1.1.4 compiles with minimal changes to the source using
- 'cc' and works "great." However, the source for 1.2.2 makes calls to various
- XIM multi-character routines, leaving many unresolved externals when linking.
- Now, if someone ported X11R5 and left the XIM routines intact, then maybe
- compiling and linking 1.2.2 would go off without a hitch... Any takers??
-
- =============================================================
- P.07) While trying to port some software, the Makefile looks
- for a program called 'ranlib' and dies when it can't
- find it. What is it and where can I get it.
- -------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 'ranlib' is a program that increases the efficiency of accessing and using
- archives (*.a files). A/UX's 'ar' already does this, so it isn't needed.
- To get around this, do something like:
-
- ln /bin/true /bin/ranlib
-
- You could also use '/bin/touch' but the above will (hopefully) take care of
- cases when ranlib is called with options. If you want to put 'ranlib'
- somewhere else, then that's OK. If the location is a different file system,
- then you'll need to use a symbolic link:
-
- ln -s /bin/true /usr2/local/bin/ranlib
-
- ============================================================
- P.08) When compiling, I get the message that 'setlocale' is
- an "undefined symbol"... what's going on?
- ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The 'locale' suite can be found in /lib/libposix.a. To avoid linking to
- libposix.a you can do the following to create a separate locale library:
-
- $ ar xv /lib/libposix.a locale.o
- $ ar rv /usr/lib/liblocale.a locale.o
-
- Now you can simply link to '-llocale' to add it in.
-
- A better fix would be to grab and use libUTIL, a collection of useful and
- needed functions for any serious porting effort (see Hints&WOW, above).
- libUTIL is maintained by Jim Jagielski and can be found on jagubox.
-
-
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: COMMUNICATION :::::
- :::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ===========================================================================
- C.01) I'm unable to start a getty process on a built-in serial port. When
- I use 'setport' to enable the port, I get a "no such device" error.
- Configuring /etc/inittab to respawn getty on the port has no effect.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- AppleTalk is probably enabled for the port. The getty process can be started
- temporarily by turning off AppleTalk via A/UX's Finder Chooser and THEN
- using the 'setport' command.
-
- You can permanently disable AppleTalk by reconfiguring the kernel with
- "newconfig noappletalk". If you wish to keep the drivers installed in the
- kernel but still want to "permanently" disable AppleTalk, you can edit
- /etc/startup to prevent AppleTalk from initializing and /etc/inittab can be
- editted to start getty. (NOTE: /etc/startup is regenerated by newconfig so
- you'll have to redo this if you reconfigure the kernel).
-
- If you don't have an EtherTalk card installed, then you can also modify
- /etc/appletalkrc to point to "ethertalk0" instead of "localtalk0". Doing
- this stops AppleTalk from bothering the serial port because it tries to use
- the non-existant card.
-
- =============================================================================
- C.02) I am using and depending on /etc/hosts to do all my hostname resolving
- (i.e. not using named or /etc/resolv.conf). How come I can't mail
- to other hosts, but I can ping|ftp|etc... them?
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Well, the problem is actually with sendmail (in /usr/lib). sendmail (under
- A/UX 2.0 and later) assumes the use of a nameserver. Pre-2.0 versions were
- "adjusted" to look in /etc/hosts if any nameserver call failed (which it
- would if it wasn't running, of course :).
-
- Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) has hacked sendmail 5.65 for A/UX
- to have it also check /etc/hosts. The source code is available on jagubox.
-
- You may also want to upgrade to smail 3.1.28. smail is a very powerful yet
- easy to configure (and maintain) replacement for sendmail. It can both query
- the NameServer as well as look in /etc/hosts to "interpret" hostnames. The
- required A/UX-related diffs and patches, which were written by Bob Denny
- (denny@alisa.com) are available on jagubox.
-
- %%% For more info, contact Jim %%%
-
- ========================================================================
- C.03) When I try to mail something, I get the following error message:
- "Cannot read frozen config file: not a typewriter". What's wrong?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This message is produced by sendmail (/usr/lib/sendmail) when it's frozen
- configuration file (/usr/lib/sendmail.fc) is unusable (as it is in the A/UX
- distribution which has it as a 0-byte file). To create a "new" frozen file
- of your present sendmail.cf file (assuming that it's good), type:
-
- $ /usr/lib/sendmail -bz
-
- (the sendmail daemon, if it exists, must be killed 1st).
-
- ==========================================================================
- C.04) How do I set up my Mac and A/UX to enable remote logins via a modem
- on tty0?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- First of all, you must edit /etc/inittab to start getty on tty0 using mo_2400
- (or whatever speed you want, such as mo_9600):
-
- 00:2:respawn:/etc/getty -u -t 60 tty0 mo_2400
-
- Make sure that your modem is set to be quiet, to not return result codes and
- to not echo back. It must also reset on DTR being dropped ("atq1e0&d3" will
- achieve this for most Hayes-compatible modems except certain (all) USR
- modems). Your modem must also raise DCD on connection ("at&c1") in order to
- have Dialup security (i.e. when the line is closed, HangUp the process. This
- means that MODEM flow control must be specified in gettydefs). You then save
- these changes using the "at&w" sequence. Finally, to make it autoanswer, be
- sure to add "ats0=1&w".
-
- Make sure that the modem cable is correctly configured (NOTE: This is for
- Dialup Security!):
-
- Mac Modem
- --------------------
- 1 (HskO) 20 (DTR)
- 4 (RTS) <- yep... it gets sent to Pin 20 & 4
- 2 (HskI) 8 (DCD)
- 3 (TxD-) 2 (TxD)
- 4 (GDN) 7 (Sgnd)
- 5 (RxD-) 3 (RxD)
- 6 NO CONNECT
- 7 NO CONNECT
- 8 (RxD+) 7 (Sgnd) <- this is right, it gets tied to Mac pin 4 too.
-
- If you mess up pin 8 things can get so flaky that you'll never figure out
- what's going on. You see, by grounding pin 8, you make the modem port truly
- RS-232 compatible. If not grounded, the port will use the RS-422 standard,
- which can cause lots of problems. For more info about pinouts and cable
- pinouts, check out "/usr/lib/uucp/README".
-
- Please note that getty is the bidirectional version of getty, which is
- sometimes known as uugetty. Thus, you can have dial in and dial out at the
- same time on the same port. You should be using at least version 1.16 of HDB
- (see above: "known bugs" and Q&A #A.16)
-
- As mentioned above, the cable described provides for Dialup Security and
- prevents the use of hardware flow control... If, however, the exact same
- baudrate is used throughout the phone link, the need for hardware flow
- control is greatly reduced.
-
- ========================================================================
- C.05) How come I can't use 'talk' with some of the other Unix boxes out
- there, and they can't talk to me?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The reason why is because there are two versions of talk (and it's daemon
- talkd) out there. A/UX uses the BSD 4.2 version. Others use the 4.3 version.
- The two aren't compatible and don't even talk on the same port. If you try
- to talk to someone and all you get is a "Checking for invitation..." message
- then it's because the machine you're trying to access is using 4.3.
-
- Steve Green (xrsbg@dirac.gsfc.nasa.gov) has ported the 4.3 versions of talk
- and talkd (now renamed ntalk and ntalkd for A/UX) to overcome this snag. You
- can have both versions available and running with no problems. The port is
- available on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.
-
- =====================================================
- C.06) How can I convince A/UX to forward IP packets?
- -----------------------------------------------------
-
- You will need to use 'adb' to adjust the A/UX kernel to enable IP forwarding.
- This is done by changing the value of the 'ipforwarding' "variable" from
- 0 (no forwarding) to 1 (enable forwarding).
-
- As root, and in single-user mode, apply this patch:
-
- # Enable fowarding: just the kernel
- adb -w -k /unix << Foo
- ipforwarding?D
- ipforwarding?W 1
- $w
- $q
- Foo
-
- And reboot.
-
- You'll need to redo this whenever the kernel is rebuilt (like via 'newunix')
- unless you apply the patch to /etc/install.d/boot.d/bnet as follows:
-
- # Enable fowarding: keep it that way
- adb -w /etc/install.d/boot.d/bnet << Foo
- ipforwarding?D
- ipforwarding?W 1
- $w
- $q
- Foo
-
- =================================
- C.07) Is PPP available for A/UX?
- ---------------------------------
-
- Unfortunately, I know of no port of PPP for A/UX :(
-
- ================================================
- C.08) How can I change the MTU value for CSlip?
- ------------------------------------------------
-
- You will need to use 'adb' to adjust either the kernel or the CSlip driver to
- change this value (slip_mtu). As root, and in single-user mode, apply this
- patch (please replace $THE_VALUE with the actual HEX value you want MTU to be):
-
- # Change SLIP MTU value to $THE_VALUE: just the kernel
- adb -w -k /unix << Foo
- slip_mtu?d
- slip_mtu?w $THE_VALUE
- $w
- $q
- Foo
-
- And reboot.
-
- You'll need to redo this whenever the kernel is rebuilt (like via 'newunix')
- unless you apply the patch to /etc/install.d/boot.d/cslip as follows:
-
- # Change SLIP MTU value to $THE_VALUE: keep it that way
- adb -w /etc/install.d/boot.d/cslip << Foo
- slip_mtu?d
- slip_mtu?w $THE_VALUE
- $w
- $q
- Foo
-
- Now run 'newconfig -v' and reboot.
-
-
- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
- ::::: ERRORS EXPLAINED :::::
- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- ============================================================================
- E.01) How do I keep command lines that I edit with "backspace" from erasing
- the prompt?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This behavior is due to the tty driver under A/UX. The BSD tty driver (which
- A/UX doesn't use) handles this, whereas the SysV driver doesn't. If you are
- running 'ksh' then you can "set -o viraw" to prevent this from happening.
- As far as I know, there are no work-arounds for 'sh' or 'csh'. ('tcsh' and
- 'bash' do not suffer from this problem... )
-
-
- ==========================================================================
- E.02) Whenever I try to run xinit (or startx) from the CommandShell I get
- a fatal server error. Why?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The reason why is because both X and the CommandShell want _complete_ control
- over your Mac (display, keyboard and mouse). So, when you try to start one
- while running the other, you'll get into trouble. You need to start X either
- from the Console Emulator Mode or by choosing it as your "session type" from
- the Login screen (This session type will be available only if your installed
- Apple's X or have installed John Coolidge's 'sessiontypes' for X11R5).
-
- ====================================================================
- E.03) I keep on getting the following error message on the Console:
- "fcntl: local lock manager not registered". What's going on?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This is printed out whenever your kernel is configured for NFS and a file-
- lock is attempted (as when sending Email) but the NFS lock daemon (rpc.lockd)
- isn't running. This is most probably due to the fact that it wasn't started
- in /etc/inittab. The fix is simple: enable rpc.lockd (and it's companion
- rpc.statd) in /etc/inittab as follows:
-
- nfs5:2:wait:/etc/rpc.statd # set to "wait" for NFS status monitor
- nfs6:2:once:/etc/rpc.lockd # set to "once" for NFS lock manager
-
- and either Restart A/UX or simply type 'init q'.
-
- ===============================================================
- E.04) When I try to startup 'xterm', I get the following error
- message: "xterm: no available ptys"... What gives?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-
- There are three possible solutions:
-
- 1. Make sure that there are ptys configured into the
- kernel... Use 'kconfig' to check that NPTY is non-0
- 2. Switch to X11R5... This seems to happen to some users
- running Apple's X11...
- 3. For at least one user, copying the /usr/lib/X11/xterm*.tic files
- to /usr/lib/terminfo/x/xterm(s) worked...
- 4. One final possible solution is to start 'xterm' from 'sh'.
-
- ========================================================================
- E.05) 'ps' and 'pstat' only seem to work for root. If anyone else tries
- these commands, they get a "no mem" error message. What's wrong?
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Both these commands require read access to /dev/kmem, which is not allowed
- for regular users. Thus, the programs require that they be suid or sgid to
- the user or group that can read /dev/kmem. See if this is true and fix if
- not.
-
- ////////////////////// END OF PART 4 OF 4 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
-
- =====================================
- **** Author's/Editor's Signature ****
- -------------------------------------
-
-
- --
- #include <std/disclaimer.h>
- | Jim Jagielski | jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | V: 301 286-5964 |
- | NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | F: 301 286-1719 |
- << Put the moon BACK, demon waif! >>
-